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LT.-COL. ELMER P. WALSER 

Final Commanding Officer of the Train 
Respected and loved by the Regiment 



HISTORY OF THE 
304™ AMMUNITION TRAIN 



BY 

ERNEST L. LOOMIS 

CHAPLAIN 




BOSTON 

RICHARD G. BADGER 

THE GORHAM PRESS 



COPYEIGHT, 1920, BY RiCHARD G. BaDGER 



All Rights Reserved 



. L b 



M 19 1920 



Made in the United States of America 



The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A., 



1A571364 



FOREWORD 

BY the publication of this book there is recorded the life 
story of one of our C'ountry's regiments in the Great 
War. The regiment was born out of the travail of the 
country's need in the crisis of 1917. It lived to be less 
than two years old but it proved a sturdy youngster, never- 
theless, as fine as any of Uncle Sam's regiments. Its record 
is clean and honorable. It did everything it was asked to 
do, and then more. It was commended on several occasions 
by the Commanding General of the Division. This story 
is sent forth to those who served in its ranks, and to the 
public it strove loyally to serve in the hour of need. 

The author was privileged to serve as the Chaplain of 
the regiment during the entire course of its overseas history, 
and prizes the memories of those days so deeply, that it is 
his wish to perpetuate the deeds and associations of the 
regiment through the coming years. 

The author would acknowledge his indebtedness to the 
Company Clerks who carefully made out the rosters, to 
Capt. David C. Gibson for the story of Camp Meade Days 
given in Chapter III, to Capt. Parker R. Skinner for the 
intimate story of the Three Companies at the Front given 
in Chapter IV and the story of Co. G, and to Capt. Walter 
L. Hitt for furnishing the facts concerning the organiza- 
tion of the Train. He is indebted also to those who pre- 
pared the other company stories, Corp. Chas. W. Yocum of 
Co. A, Sgt. Paul Wechsler of Co. B, Corp. Wm. Hand- 
schumacher of Co. C, Sgt. Wm. T. Warren of Co. D, Sgt. 

3 



4 Foreword 

Fred E. Talbot and Sgt. Gideon C. Burton of Co. E, Sgt. 
Jas. P. Friel of Co. F, Sgt. Mjr. John J. Gallagher of 
Train Hdqrs., Sgt. Mjr. R. B. Cook, Jr., of Motor Bn. 
Hdqrs., Sup. Sgt. Chas. E. Schmidt of Horsed Bn. Hdqrs., 
Pvt. J. L. Handy of the Sanitary Detachment, Capt. Roger 
C, Bowlus of the Ordnance Detachment, and Corp. Alphonse 
J. Remmell for the use of his sketch. 

The author while revising and correcting each company 
story has endeavored to retain the original as far as pos- 
sible. 

Every effort has been made to make the book accurate 
in dates and statements of facts and it is believed that if 
any errors are found they will be only in unimportant de- 
tails. 

Ernest L. Loomis. 

Milford, Mass., 
March 15, 1920. 



CONTENTS 



CHAPT£B PAQB 

I. The Die Is Cast 11 

II. The Organization of the 304th Train 15 

III. Camp Meade Days 20 

IV. On to France 29 

V. In Training with the Artillery 40 

VI. The Three Companies at the Front 48 

VII. The Whole Regiment at the Front 54 

VIII. Apres La Guerre 63 

IX. Home Again 73 

X. Company A 80 

XI. Company B 86 

XII. Company C 105 

XIII. Company D 113 

XIV. Company E 121 

XV. "Galloping F" 130 

XVI. Company G 140 

XVII. Train Headquarters 147 

XVIII. Headquarters Detachment, Motor Battalion .... 165 

XIX. Sanitary Detachment 170 

XX. Headquarters Detachment Horsed Battalion .... 178 

XXI. Ordnance Detachment 182 

XXII. Rosters 184 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

Lt.-Col. Elmer P. Walseb Frontispiece f 

FACING 
PAGE 

Capt. John D. Fearhake 16 ' 

Major Vincent A. Carroll 16 ' 

Col. Walter E. Prosser 32 

Major Edwin M. Van VooRHEES 32 

Lt.-Col. H. J. McKenney 32 

Chaplain Ernest L. Loomis 32 ' 

Train Headquarters at Thierville 50 ' 

Chaplain E. L. Loomis Conducting Religious Services on Boat Com- 
ing Home 50 ' 

Shack Opposite Dugny 50 ' 

Verdun Showing the Meuse River 50 

View of Camp at Souilly Looking Towards Division Headquarters . 70 

Last Home in France 70 ' 

U.S. Transport "Shoshone" Leaving France for Home .... 70 ^ 

Company B 88 

Company C 88 

Co. D on the Hike to Ecurey 114 - 

Co. D's Kitchen, Death Valley 114 

Detail Building Shack, Death Valley, P. C, Co. D 114 

Detail, Schwab, Carr AND Others Building Shack 114 

Co. D's Camp "in the Mud" IN Death Valley 114 

Lts. NiMMO and Stephenson IN Front OF Dugout, Death Valley . . 114 

Company A Between pp. 130 anrf 131 

Company E Between pp. 130 and 131 - 

"Galloping F" Between pp. \?iQ and \2\ 

Company G , Between pp. 130 and 131 

Train Headquarters Detachment with Officers 150 

Headquarters Detachment Motor Battalion 150 

Sanitary Detachment . 170 

Company D 170 

The Officers of the Ammunition Train 180 

Headquarters Detachment Horsed Battalion 180 



HISTORY OF THE 
304TH AMMUNITION TRAIN 



HISTORY OF THE 
304th AMMUNITION TRAIN 

CHAPTER I 

THE DIE IS CAST 

. America Enters the War 

WHEN on that fateful day in July, 1914, the world 
was stunned with the news of the declaration of war 
by Germany against Russia, followed quickly by similar ac- 
tion against France, few grasped the full significance of the 
measure nor the maelstrom of war and bloodshed that was 
to follow. Even when England went into the war there were 
still many who prated of peace and dreamed of an early 
settlement. Experts said that the war could not last more 
than six months because of its drain on the finances and 
man power of the countries involved. But as the months 
dragged on country after country entered the struggle. The 
months wore into years and America remained the only great 
nation not involved. Pacifists and others refused to believe 
that the war would ever touch America and strove earnestly 
to keep her out of it. Congress persistently voted down 
inca*eased appropriations for the improvement of our mili- 
tary and naval forces. All of the resources of the under- 
handed German propaganda machine were utilized night and 
day to prevent American intervention. But at last the in- 
evitable day arrived. 

11 



12 History of the SOIf,th Ammwnition Tram 

For two years and a half America had stood as a spec- 
tator of the Tragedy of Europe. She had seen neutral 
Belgium raped and burned, she had listed to the wail of 
abused women and children, she had beheld the wanton de- 
struction of monuments of art and learning, she had wit- 
nessed the enslaving of civil populations, she had seen solemn 
conventions ignored and sacred treaties cast to the four 
winds as mere scraps of paper. Little by little public senti- 
ment changed, the voices of the pacifists and the German 
sympathizers became drowned in the rising tide of national 
indignation and the clamor for justice. Peace came to seem 
a thing of dishonor as in a time when a man sees a thug 
and murderer at work and turns away with a shrug of the 
shoulders saying that it is not his business. 

Then Germany launched her program of ruthless sub- 
marine warfare. Zones were marked out surrounding Eng- 
land, Belgium and France. Germany notified the world that 
all ships found in those zones would be sunk without warn- 
ing, regardless of their nationality or contents. Arrogant 
Germany, reeking with the blood of her victims, and obsessed 
with her dream of world empire, flung her crowning insult 
into the faces of the few nations still striving to maintain 
neutrality. With one sweep of the pen she cut away from 
all convention and her solemnly pledged word and started 
upon her program of piracy. Little did she realize then the 
gathering thundercloud and the fearful consequences that 
she must face. She believed that her minions had so poi- 
soned and warped the mind of America that there would be 
no interference. She laughed in her sleeve to think of those 
contemptible Americans who saw visions of universal peace 
and the brotherhood of man and who gathered a golden har- 
vest of dollars from the nations at war. Yes, America was 
dreaming. She could not credit the motives of a nation 



The Die is Cast 18 

without conscience or principle. For two years and a half 
she had sought to deal with the reeking criminal in the 
manner of honorable men. She had waited, she had tried 
to reason, but she learned that the nation with which she 
dealt knew no honor, smiled in the face and stabbed treach- 
erously in the back. It was clear that there was only one 
language Germany knew and America must speak that lan- 
guage if the principles and ideals of American life and 
civilization were to continue. America must choose. She 
must either renounce her honor, her high principles and her 
right to the respect of posterity or she must fight. There 
was no hesitation when the issue was understood. The 
struggle might take her life's blood, it might leave her 
crippled and torn, but fight she must. It was clear that 
the two diverse principles of America and Germany could 
not continue to exist, one must perish or the other. The 
die was cast. 

In his room in the White House at Washington, for long 
liours the president thought the question through. His 
vigils were lonely. The choice was fraught with conse- 
quences which would affect the lives of thousands, yes mil- 
lions. What should he say.'' In response to the call for 
convention the members of Congress sped from far-away 
homes to meet in solemn assembly and decide the destiny 
of the nation. On the 2nd of April, 1917, they met and 
organized for conference. Before them stood on the fol- 
lowing day the form of the man who had sought to lead 
the nation aright during those troublous years of heart- 
ache and agony. With blanched faces and squared shoul- 
ders they heard his message as he recounted the steps which 
had been taken to deal honorably with Germany and their 
failure. Solemnly he advised the nation to cast the die, to 
take the only remaining course, consistent with honor. 



14 History of the 304-th Ammunition Train 

Quickly they formed for action. The deliberations lasted 
into the night as the country waited for the answer; then 
it came, clear cut and decisive. The die was cast, America 
was in the war. Henceforth Germany must listen to the 
language of American bullets and bayonets. 

The decision reached, all the mighty resources of the na- 
tion were mobilized for the titanic struggle. Everything 
must be developed from the start, little was ready. It was 
pioneer work of the truest nature. Cantonments must be 
built, the organization of the new army planned, clothing, 
arms, ammunition and supplies provided, arrangements 
made for transporting and maintaining a great army three 
thousand miles away from its home base, the greatest feat 
ever undertaken. Mistakes were made as was inevitable, 
but almost as by magic the difficulties were faced and solved 
and American forces began to move in ever-increasing vol- 
ume across the Atlantic. The stream grew greater as the 
months rolled on and sounded the death knell to German 
hopes and dreams of world conquest. America's share in 
the war is now a matter of history, as well as the final crash 
of the German forces culminating in the historic armistice 
of November 11th, 1918. It is not the purpose of this 
story to give the history of the total American participa- 
tion, but rather to narrate the story of one unit that shared 
in the task and its victory. This is the tale of the 304th 
Ammunition Train of the 79th Division and is written with 
a two-fold purpose, both to record for coming generations 
the events connected with the development and deeds of this 
regiment and to perpetuate in civil life the associations 
formed during those months here and "over there." 



CHAPTER II 

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE 304<TH AMMUNITION TRAIN 

PREVIOUS to the entrance of America into the war, 
ammunition trains had existed in the American army 
practically only on paper. The Ammunition Train is 
largely a creature of active warfare and each combat di- 
vision of the army is supposed to have one. The purpose 
of this is clear from its namej to transport ammunition. 
The Ammunition Train is a part of the Field Artillery 
brigade, but the scope of its work theoretically extends to 
the transportation also of all kinds of ammunition. The- 
oretically also ammunition hauling is the only work of this 
unit, but in this war ammunition trains have been utilized 
for all kinds of work. This was true of the 304th, as will 
be seen from the story of their life as narrated in this 
volume. 

An ammunition train is organized into two battalions, 
one horsed and the other motor. The Motor Battalion has 
four companies and a headquarters detachment. The 
Horsed Battalion has three companies and a headquarters 
detachment. There is also a Train Headquarters detach- 
ment and Ordnance and Mi^dical detachments. The total 
strength of the regiment is aoout 1,250 men and 30 officers. 

The organization of the 304th was begun with the issuing 
of an order from the office of the division commander on 
September 14th, 1917, calling the unit into existence with 
Lt. Col. Walter E. Prosser as its commanding officer. This 
was S. O. 9, Hdqrs. 79th Div., and at its dictate there be- 

15 



16 History of the SOJ^th Ammunition Train 

gan and developed the organization which came to be the 
pride of the men who formed its personnel and which was 
to receive favorable mention on more than one occasion. 

The preliminary organization meeting was held on Sep- 
tember 19th in Barracks C-26, Camp Meade, Md. Here 
four officers reported to meet the commanding officer, Lt. 
Col. Prosser, and receive instructions from him concerning 
the organization of the regiment and the reception of the 
new recruits, who were expected on the following day. Those 
who reported that day for this meeting were Capt. Walter 
L. Hitt, Lt. Lawrence G. Williams, and Lt. George S. 
Smith. It was decided that there should be the temporary 
organizations of two battalions, the first under the com- 
mand of Lt. Williams, and the second under Lt. Smith. 
Capt. Hitt was made adjutant. 

The following morning Lt. Parker R. Skinner reported 
and in succession there came the following: Lt. Vincent A. 
Carroll, Capt. Leslie Carner, Capt. John T. Little, Lt. 
Albert H. Sadler, Lt. Thomas M. Montgomery, Lt. David 
C. Gibson, Capt. George M. Cannon, Lt. Karl L. Belt, Lt. 
Frank H. Pharaoh, Capt. DuBois Rees, Lt. John B. Thayer, 
Lt. Daniel L. Ross, Capt. Harvey Christman, Lt. Thomas 
H. Nimick, Lt. Joseph E. Thomas, Lt. Stanley C. Eaton. 

About mid-day of the 20th of September word was re- 
ceived that approximately 210 men from Chester, Pa., and 
vicinity were on the way and had been assigned to the 
Ammunition Train. Officers were immediately detailed to 
meet the train and conduct the men to regimental headquar- 
ters for assignment to battalions. This march resembled 
no other march in the later history of the regiment. There 
was little of the military about it and certainly none of the 
snap and precision with which they learned to march in the 
later parades. At the head of the column was Lt. Wil- 



The Organization of the SO^th Ammimition Train 17 

liams. Behind him came a more or less disjointed column of 
twos. Few if any of these had ever marched in military for- 
mation before and they were but raw "rookies" fresh from 
civil life without uniforms or equipment and each tugging 
along a suitcase or other piece of hand baggage. Most of 
tliem looked around with interest and yet dread in their 
hearts, not knowing what awaited them at the end of the 
journey, nor on the other side when their training was com- 
plete. Probably all of them had been liberally fed by friends 
and neighbors with wild stories of the rigors of military 
discipline and watered with the tears of wives, sweethearts, 
and mothers who bade them good-bye with an agony of 
abandon and the thought that they never would return 
again. Some had been loaded to capacity with intoxicants 
by admiring friends and were very much "shot." Lt. Smith, 
who came at the rear of the column, had his hands full 
keeping the column in line and helping the incapacitated to 
complete the march. 

Headquarters reached they were checked in, taken to their 
quarters and "allowed" to take a bath. Then came the 
physical examinations followed by the vaccinations and the 
"shots" in the arm, or innoculation. This of course caused 
excruciating pleasure to all concerned, especially to Lt. An- 
derson of the Medical Corps, who administered the treat- 
ment. • 

The following day another detachment of seventy men 
came in from up state and were put through the paces as had 
been the Chesterites. The first group could now crow over 
the later arrivals, for they were the veterans of one day. 
They could enjoy the expressions of agony on the faces of 
the newcomers and perhaps helped in painting a graphic 
picture of the horrors of the innoculations and vaccinations. 

As each group came in thej'^ were searched for forbidden 



18 History of the 30J(,th Ammunition Train 

articles of personal equipment. Special articles were of 
course on the list. A few bottles were found, possibly in- 
tended for weapons of defense against the cruelties of second 
lieutenants. 

The two battalions were divided into companies on the 
24th of September. There were seven of these with forty 
men to each company. A Co. was commanded by Lt. Gib- 
son, B Co, by Capt. Hitt, C Co. by Capt. Carner, D Co. 
by Capt. Rees, E Co. by Capt. Little, F Co. by Capt. Christ- 
man, and G Co. by Capt. Cannon. In addition to their 
company duties Capt. Cannon continued to serve as regi- 
mental supply officer and Capt. Hitt as adjutant. 

On the 3rd of October the regiment, except E and F 
companies, moved to V Block, where on the same night an- 
other large increment of men arrived to swell the number 
already there. 

Later changes were made within the organizations and 
in its personnel during the nine months of its training in 
Camp Meade. Col. Prosser was eventually transferred to 
the Field Artillery of another division to the deep sorrow 
of both officers and men who had come to respect and esteem 
him in the highest terms. Lt. Col. H. J. McKenny then 
was placed in command. Capt. Little was promoted and 
given command of the Horsed Battalion and Major Ruess- 
wig that of the Motor Battalion. Nearly all of the early 
officers were promoted during the following months and 
other officers arrived. Most of the original regiment was 
from Pennsylvania and Maryland. 

Large numbers passed through the regiment in the course 
of these months and were transferred to other organiza- 
tions. A short time before the departure of the regiment 
for France in the summer of 1918 a large group was taken 
from the Ammunition Train and transferred to southern 



The Orgamzation of the SO^th Ammunition Tram 19 

camps. Their places were taken by recruits from the south- 
ern states. Other groups came in from Kelly Field from 
the Aviation Section. These were from various states, so 
that the final composition of the regiment as it went to 
France was truly cosmopolitan and all sections of the coun- 
try shared in the experiences of the regiment "over there." 
The following chapter deals with Camp Meade experiences 
and those days of training which went into the process of 
making some twelve hundred and fifty civilians into finished 
soldiers, ready for their part in the campaign experiences 
across the sea. This will be given by Capt. David C. Gib- 
son, who was among the first ofl^cers of the regiment to 
report and who writes from personal experience. 



CHAPTER III 



CAMP MEADE DAYS 



CAMP MEADE ! 
Sand, sand, sand. It might have been the Sahara, 
transplanted to Maryland, except for the embellishments. 
The hot sun of a September afternoon beat down on it and 
we watched the cloud of dust that enveloped a column of 
men that disappeared up the road ahead of us as we de- 
trained. 

The first view of our new home was far from enhancing. 
We had read of the mushroom cities prepared for our recep- 
tion, but it was a hazy idea we all had of those cities. We 
had heard with awe of the millions of dollars spent and the 
armies of men employed in rushing to completion the can- 
tonments ; of the almost unbelievable outlay of lumber, roof- 
ing paper, stoves, kitchens, plumbing fixtures and tons of 
coal for heating; of the rush orders for clothing, food, 
rifles, ammunition and other things that were to be asso- 
ciated with military schooling and life. But it had all failed 
to give us any picture of what a camp would be like. 

Sand, dust and a scorching sun welcomed us. Back of 
the lines of warehouses and shanties along the railroad sid- 
ing that had been run up into the camp we could distinguish 
the row upon row of barracks. Little did we realize how 
comfortable we would come to look upon them afterward 
when contrasting them with the dugouts and mud on the 
Verdun front during those tedious days of the Meuse- 
Argonne push. When we landed, everything was strange 

20 



Camp Meade Days 21 

and new. Our transition from homes in the cities and from 
civil life had been so sudden that we were compelled to swal- 
low and digest in one breath, literally to gorge, all that 
military necessity thrust upon us. But we did it. We had 
to. Other men, other nations, had done it ; and Americans 
are said to be a nation far more adaptable than others. We 
accepted it as a matter of course, without realizing this fact, 
without asking ourselves why. Possibly it was simply the sol- 
dier in us. Maybe some of us railed at the government and 
at the army underneath — there were some conscientious ob- 
jectors who gave vent to their feelings in words — but in the 
main we were all of the same spirit: we were in for war, 
whatever it meant in the abstract, and we would take things 
as they came. 

"Everybody off and form in a column of twos along the 
track." 

An officer — we didn't know whether he was a lieutenant 
or a major — aroused us from our reveries and wonderings. 
And, though we had only a vague idea of what a column of 
twos was, we proceeded to follow his cue. Almost before we 
realized it we had left behind the first step into our new 
life and were ourselves being enfiulfed in the dust we had 
watched a few moments before ; following we knew not where, 
but following nevertheless, just as, later, we would be called 
upon to follow possibly into machine gun nests, through 
barbed wire entanglements and through bursting shrapnel. 
It is the spirit of the American soldier. 

We were "scared," some of us. Everything was new and 
different and we approached it with some trepidation. If 
we had but known it there were similar feelings in the breasts 
of most of the officers ; they had beaten us to camp by only 
a few days and were almost as new to the atmosphere and 
life as we. But that was soon overcome. 



22 History of the 304-th Ammumition Tram 

Then came our introduction to ou*- quarters and bunk. 
It was the same that hundreds of thousands of others had, 
but it looked cold and unattractive. No sheets or pillow- 
cases, no plaster or wallpaper, no pictures on the walls, and 
no rugs or carpets on the floors. We hadn't thought about 
how or when or where we were to sleep and be fed — the essen- 
tial things. But that had been arranged. We were given 
our two blankets and mess kits and a container for bedding; 
we learned later that the latter was called a bedsack. 

When mealtime rolled around — in the excitement we had 
forgotten it — we were put in line and guided to the kitchen 
for our first "slum." Who will forget that first meal; it 
matters not how familiar he becomes with mess call and 
grub or chow, whichever he prefers. Bread, but no butter. 
Roast beef and potatoes and tomatoes all together in the 
messpan. And a big K. P. — we learned afterwards that 
K. P. stood for kitchen police and that it wasn't at all like 
doing sentry duty on an important outpost — who doused a 
spoonful of rice pudding on your messpan cover. Someone 
who knew tipped us off to the handle on our cup before we 
got to the coffee station. But the handle wasn't altogether 
reliable, as some of us discovered to our own chagrin and 
the amusement of others later when it unceremoniously 
dumped a good pint and a half of coffee all over the last 
remnant of civilian life. We had long frame tables to eat 
at and found salt and pepper, Worcestershire sauce, mustard 
and chili sauce in front of us. They were luxuries, but we, 
in our ignorance, didn't appreciate them. Some of us were 
critical. But we learned later, when we stood through mud 
and snow and even shellfire to get those same messkits filled 
up and then climbed back down into a dugout, or, on better 
days stood up beside a water cart or picked out a con- 
venient fallen tree to dispose of it. 



Camp Meade Days 23 

Our bunks for the night we gave little thought to until 
there came a call for a "detail" — a word that we later came 
to know and curse. But that evening, as always, it was 
necessary. There were trucks loaded with iron cots and 
straw to be unloaded. And we got the cots into the barracks 
and dumped the straw outside, where by lantern we filled 
our bedsacks a little later, one bale being assigned to eight 
men. That evening we all felt sort of lost. Even though 
we were from the same towns and cities and knew each other, 
there was the strange atmosphere that pervaded the bar- 
racks and we sat at the windows and watched men go by or 
wandered along the unimproved "streets," trying to get the 
hang of the place. 

Tired without appreciating it, we climbed under the 
blankets early and awoke the next morning feeling that we 
were already a part of the machine that was being per- 
fected to drive the Hun back out of civilized Europe. We 
knew there was a captain and we had heard of a first ser- 
geant; we had seen the captain when we arrived and he had 
fired a Series of questions at us. So we waited for him to 
start things again. There were some old regular army 
"non-com" to be utilized as a basis for an administrative 
and instructive nucleus — we learned this later — and through 
him we were sufficiently organized to be put through physical 
examination, assigned to bunks and advised in a general 
way of the rules and regulations of our compartment. 

Before we realized, we were on the drill field. There was 
no khaki, no rifles, no bayonets glistening in the sunlight, 
no band and no solid lane of humanity to watch us and 
cheer us. And fortunate it was. They would have tired 
quickly of the labored steps by which we learned the right 
hand salute, the right and left face, the forward march and 
the halt. We tired of them and Heaven knows the officers 



24* History of the SOJ^tli Ammunition Train 

must have tired in their efforts to beat it into the heads of 
some of the slower men in the company. 

Out on the sand hills, back of "C" Block, we went in the 
morning and pounded back and forth until we had beaten 
down the sand and grass and worn our shoes down until our 
feet were nearly on the ground. It wasn't our idea of the 
army and inwardly we cursed, flaying the fate that took us 
away from a desk job, pleasure, friends and family and 
threw us into this unending period of drilling. We couldn't 
see where all this was so essential to whipping the Hun. But 
there were better days ahead. 

While we were railing at our lot, the mere fact that we 
nevertheless submitted to it was tempering us with that 
essential of successful military operations — unfaltering obe- 
dience. It came to us in spite of ourselves. And with it 
came pride in the fact that we could govern ourselves, that, 
when a command was given, we could respond to it instantly. 
It came to us that instant, unfaltering, machine-like re- 
sponse to orders and commands was tlie primary essential 
in military life, the foundation on which the accomplishment 
of the big military operation rested. And, understanding 
this, we came to regard our lot in a different light. To 
some of those who hadn't doped it out for themselves we 
sought to impart this philosophy; it was with varying suc- 
cess, however. One of the men — an Italian — approached 
the captain one day. 

"Me no lika dis job," he complained. "Want to quit." 

"But you can't quit ; you've got to stick to it," the cap- 
tain returned, and explained why. It was difficult of ex- 
planation, for the man, when he came, had just escaped 
being assigned to the "foreign legion," a company which 
was made up of Russians, Poles, Hungarians, Italians and 
others who could not understand English. But the explana- 



Camp Meade Days 26 

tioii went across. Two months later he was one of the most 
willmg workers in the company and most likeable, too, so 
much so that when it came to transferring men to other 
camps for prior service overseas he was one of the last to 
go, despite his slowness in mastering little problems and in 
understanding orders. 

We were an ammunition train and we knew in a general 
sense what our duties were. But for weeks and months we 
knew nothing more than what our tables of organization 
called for and even those tables were being constantly 
changed. Under the able direction of Lieut. Col. Prosser 
we were guided forward and required to toe the mark. 

Meanwhile equipment began coming in. Will we ever 
forget the day we acquired complete equipment .'^ It meant 
more than merely having the equipment, too, for there were 
orders, that, until he was fully equipped so as to make a 
presentable appearance, no man would be permitted to go 
home on pass. Piece by piece we got our clothing — 0. D., 
all of it — 0. D. shirts first and then other articles until we 
were uniformed. Slowly rifles began to come in. We had 
been using sticks in lieu of rifles and the men who landed 
rifles considered themselves fortunate, even though it meant 
more work in keeping them clean. The first rifles were 
Crag-Jorgensens, but it was not long before they were re- 
placed by Springfields. 

Apace with this went the drill schedule, another necessary 
evil as we looked upon it. Squad, platoon and company 
movements were studied and passed; manual of arms came 
into our lives ; we hiked all over Maryland, through sand 
and mud and in the elements. But we didn't know how easy 
that was — not until we did the same thing later over French 
roads, in the pitch darkness of night, with rain beating a 
tattoo on our tin helmets and a water-soaked pack grinding 



26 History of the SOJ^th Ammunition Train 

on our shoulders, while flashes of light and the roar of big 
guns kept us company. Day after day, however, we went 
through it all, with the addition of physical exercise, gre- 
nade throwing, bayonet exercise and organized athletics. 
Through the winter we kept it up, on days when more than 
one man was sent back into quarters with his ears frost- 
bitten and his hands so stiff from cold that he could barely 
grip his rifle. But it was hardening. And we came to the 
point where tumbling out for reveille in the snow and stand- 
ing shivering under the stars until "Assembly" sounded, 
with our teeth meanwhile playing a call of their own as they 
chattered, came to be only an appetizer for the hot break- 
fast that we knew awaited us inside. Anyhow, it was a part 
of the game and had to be played. 

Some of us had a part in the solution of the many prob- 
lems that presented themselves ; only the company officers, 
tlie "top," the company clerk, the supply sergeant and the 
mess sergeant knew how hard of solution they were. There 
are some of us who battled far into the night with puzzling 
figures on equipment and records that spelled accountabil- 
ity; others wrestled with muster and pay rolls until drowsi- 
ness and fatigue quieted the typewriters. Only the mess 
sergeant, and possibly the cooks, know the battles that were 
waged in the kitchen, the puzzling problems that only ex- 
perience could solve. 

The organization was a big job. Those of us who had a 
hand in it were fortunate, for it was valuable experience, 
though disheartening. The first steps required the detailed 
attention of officers — ofl'icers who themselves had had little 
enough training in the work they had undertaken. They 
demanded their attention until the right men had been 
picked for the jobs and trained in them so that those men 
could handle them alone. But, from the men assigned, the 
leaders — sergeants and corporals — ^had to be singled out. 



Camp Meade Days 27 

There wasn't such a thing as partiality ; tlie men who had 
the stuff landed and were held responsible. Be it said to 
their credit that they measured up. 

Through the fall and into the winter we worked, expect- 
ing any day the summons that would start us across the 
Atlantic to the battle front. From our first days in "C" 
Block, where we were more or less disorganized in spite of 
our efforts, we moved down into "V" Block, in an altogether 
different section of the camp, where the actual organization 
occurred. There we spent the autumn and late in Novem- 
ber, 1917, our own quarters in "W" Block had been com- 
pleted to an extent to warrant our moving into them. We 
put up with inconveniences there for many a day before 
the details of construction were completed, shivered under 
icy cold showers until heaters could be installed, but grad- 
ually our places became more comfortable and more home- 
like. On bright days we got out and dressed up the "front 
yards" and added like improvements on the interior until 
we came to take a pardonable pride in the appearance of 
things. This spirit of pride developed without compulsion. 
It was simply another indication that the men were begin- 
ning to love their regiment. 

So we came to the point where we were so mentally and 
physically advanced as to be a dependable cog in the ma- 
chine which was launching its force against the Boche. We 
reached this stage all unconscious of it. All we lacked was 
equipment. That would have been supplied if we had been 
ordered across ; but we waited, anxious to put our knowl- 
edge to test, but waiting for orders. 

But though we had been working hard the camp wasn't 
without its diversions. Movies was one of the first but by 
no means the only attraction. The Y. M. C. A. and K. of 
C. huts were always filled in the evening. Pianos and vic- 
trolas, "fights" and lectures, special dinners in the barracks. 



28 History of the 304-th Ammwnition Tram 

an occasional smoker, band concerts and, finally, the Liberty 
Theatre, with its orchestra and honest-to-goodness plays, 
kept us from getting stale. 

And who didn't look forward to that week-end pass ! How 
we cleaned up rifle and equipment on Friday night, after 
watching feverishly the list of passes when it went up on 
the bulletin board in the afternoon, and then scrubbed our 
O. D.'s and polished shoes and made the Springfield shine 
so that there would be nothing amiss at inspection to pre- 
vent our getting away. How slowly the minute dragged 
before and during inspection. Wasn't the captain ever 
going to get down that rear rank.'* How often have you 
mumbled to yourself, "Hang it all, I'll miss that train yet !" 
But it was over at last and you were in the scramble to get 
inside, put the rifle away in its rack, snatch up a toilet kit, 
"report out" to the "top" and tear across the fields to the 
train. Remember the figures in 0. D. that streamed past 
the barracks on the day you couldn't get away, all headed 
in the same direction. And the groaning, swaying W. B. 
& A., every car packed so tightly that, standing or sitting, 
you were cushioned against jolts. Or the "special" to Phila- 
delphia which pulled out every Saturday morning. But 
they were happy days in spite of those discomforts. 

Camp Meade on Sunday afternoon in the summertime was 
worth staying in camp to see. We can't but concede this to 
the place, even though it was the importations that lent it 
charm. Every train into camp brought thousands. Auto- 
mobiles carried thousands more. The crowded streets looked 
like Fifth Avenue on a balmy spring afternoon and toward 
dusk, when the crowds began to besiege the station at the 
"loop," that terminal might have been Grand Central Sta- 
tion. 



CHAPTER IV 



ON TO FRANCE 



THEN came the day, the goal of all the training. The 
orders were received that started a feverish round of 
activity with the shibboleth, "On to France." For this the 
regiment had waited, for this all the drills, the hikes in the 
Winter's cold, and the rain of Spring. A thrill of excite- 
ment ran through the Train. At last they were to do their 
part and every man resolved that the part would be a large 
one. Wives and sweethearts bade their soldier lads a tearful 
farewell, and many an aunt and grandmother sliook their 
heads and prophesied that the boys would never return. 

Early on Sunday morning, the 14th of July, 1918, the 
regiment entrained for Philadelphia, there to board the 
British transport Haverford which was to bear the regi- 
ment towards that mystic land across the Atlantic. It was 
a strange thing how rapidly the word of the departure of 
the regiment had spread. As some one remarked, the only 
ones who did not know the particulars of the trip were the 
men making it. A crowd of thousands were there to give 
the last greeting to their loved ones. On the pier the men 
were served with hot coffee and refreshments by the Red 
Cross, then came the march up the gang plank. It was five 
o'clock before the start was made ; then the lines were cast 
off, the whistle sounded, and slowly tlie boat gathered head- 
way. The passage down the river was like a triumphal pro- 
cession. Every passing steamer tooted its siren and the 
sound of these rose like the waves of mighty cheers. Excur- 

29 



30 History of the 304-th Ammunition Train 

sion boats crowded with returning people were passed and 
the passengers cheered and waved handkerchiefs and hats. 
The sun sank lower and lower and darkness blurred the 
sight of land growing fainter in the distance. Night fell as 
the ship began to heave with the steady swell of the Atlantic, 
and a night it was long to be remembered. It was the initia- 
tion of what for days to come was to be the regular experi- 
ence. 

The men now had a chance to see the home which was to 
be theirs for seventeen long days. It was no palatial one by 
any means. The old Haverford previous to the war had 
been used for transporting cattle and jfirst class passengers. 
The first class passenger accommodations were comfortable 
enough but the new "cattle" did not take kindly to their 
quarters. They yet were to experience that constantly reit- 
erated "40 Hommes or 8 Chevaux" which was to be their 
common lot in France, and the memory of Camp Meade was 
still strong in their minds ; Camp Meade that, whatever else 
it may have had, yet boasted of comfortable quarters with 
spring beds, straw mattresses, electric lights, shower baths, 
and fine food. It was a great come-down and first impres- 
sions are hard to erase. It has since been sufficient to start 
the air full of sulphurous streaks to mention Haverford. 
And yet when it was thoroughly cleaned up and things 
rearranged, it was not so bad, even if sometimes the top 
hammock broke and the occupant came crashing down on 
top of you, or some hob-nailed shoe plunked you in the 
middle of the night as the owner of the foot had bad dreams. 
The food was the worst, and that was largely due to the 
cooking. The war had drained England's cooking force 
and those on the old Haverford were a long way from 
finished chefs. The cooking facilities were far from ideal, 
for a cattle boat has little need for a la carte service. But 



On to France 31 

little by little conditions began to adjust themselves by 
dint of much scrubbing, by K. P.'s, etc. And it was sur- 
prising what a fervent subject of conversation all these con- 
ditions provided. It helped mightily to while the time away. 
The weather had to take a back seat for the time being. 

That voyage will live forever in the minds of the men 
who made it, and will be told to children's children unto 
generations to come. To the great majority on board it 
was their first trip across "the pond" and the constant un- 
changing horizon of rolling water gave the impression that 
no progress was being made. With this also, the dark 
waters held a hidden menace. The imagination pictured its 
depths filled with lurking U Boats ready at every unguarded 
moment to send their instruments of death and destruction 
crashing into the bowels of the sturdy ship and leave its 
occupants struggling in the briny depths. All the stories 
of submarine attacks came crowding to mind and the con- 
versations among the groups of men added new details. But 
it was not fear that held the minds of the 2,000 odd men 
there, rather it was a curiosity and a hope that something 
would happen to break the monotony, and it did, as will 
soon be narrated. 

The course laid out took the ship along the coast to 
Halifax to join the convoy assembling in that port. Dur- 
ing the two days and a half occupied by this lap in the 
journey again and again hydroplanes circled out over the 
ship, bringing a sense of security with the thought that 
watchful eyes were searching the depths of the waters for 
any lurking foe. Then, on the morning of July 17th, the 
ship steamed into Halifax harbor past the fortifications, 
the wreck of the steamer, and the demolished waterfront, 
battered to pieces some weeks before by the terrific explo- 
sion of the munitions ship. For two days and an extra 



32 History of the SO^^th Ammwnition Tram 

night the ship remained in port, having boat drill practice, 
and watching the gathering transports silently coming in 
one by one. At last all was in readiness and on Saturday, 
July 20th, the Haverford in a fleet of twenty-three ships con- 
voyed by a British Battle Cruiser and escorted by a fleet of 
submarine chasers sailed down the harbor and put to sea. 
After several hours' journey the escorting fleet turned back 
and the ships plowed on, guarded by the Battle Cruiser and 
the gunners on each ship. 

The days rolled by with much of a sameness, the nights 
taken up with more or less sleep, and the days occupied 
with physical exercises, instruction, etc. But the never to 
be forgotten features of the trip were the constant recurring 
drills, submarine drill, fire drill, and boat drill. The shrill 
sound of the Commanding Officer's siren would sound at all 
hours of the day and night, which would be repeated by 
whistles all through the ship, and the sleepy men would 
tumble out, seize the proper equipment and stumble to their 
designated p^ace. Secret resolves were made looking to the 
disappearance of the siren whistle, but all in vain. The 
value of these drills became apparent when the need actually 
arose. 

It was during thii^ trip that the Train became acquainted 
with L. McK. Judkins, the Y. M. C. A. man on board. It 
was his first experience with the troops and he rose nobly 
to the occasion and endeared himself to all by the service 
he rendered. Sometime later the men were glad to again 
meet him at La Courtine. 

The first submarine alarm occurred on July 25th, when 
the fleet was in mid-ocean. The alarm was given from the 
cruiser, which had sighted a suspicious looking craft on the 
horizon which appeared like a disguised U Boat, Each 
boat turned and put on full steam in the opposite direction 





Col. Walter E. Prosser 
First Commanding Officer, to whom the train 
owes its start 



Major Edwin M. Van Voorhees 
Commanding Officer of the Regiment September- 
December, 1918 





Lt.-Col. H. J. McKennet 

Commanding Officer January-September 1918 



Chaplain Ernest L. Loomis 



On to France 33 

while the cruiser went over to investigate. The thing which 
concerned the men of the Train was to observe that, in this 
race for safety, the old Haverford was being steadily 
outdistanced by the other ships. Fortunately, however, the 
alarm proved false and the ships resumed their formation 
mothered by the squat battle cruiser. One surprise was re- 
vealed by this alarm. Throughout the previous voyage a 
small low-built boat had been plowing its way steadily on 
as a peaceful tanker. She had been called a mystery ship 
by the boat's crew and great speed was attributed to her. 
Now, when the cruiser left the fleet to investigate the threat- 
ened danger on the horizon, this boat took its place and 
sliot ahead of all others. From this time on the little tanker 
was watched with an expectancy which was justified by the 
part she played when the real attack came. 

Three days out from England, the early risers looked out 
across the water and saw shooting here and there, weaving 
ever in and out, some ten or eleven torpedo destroyers, the 
greyhounds of the sea. A cheer went up when it was seen 
that many of these were American and a sense of security 
settled in every heart. The days were now filled with the 
final preparations for landing. Men could be seen here and 
there huddled up in all positions writing the letters to be 
sent back by the return steamer, and in the dining saloon 
groups of officers worked until late at night with the censor- 
ing, then a new task. And each felt that he must do it with 
absolute faithfulness. Some of the letters were sadly de- 
pleted when they had passed through the mill but most of 
them did have left the "Dear Mary" at the beginning and 
the "Your loving Henry" at the end. And man}'^ a laugh 
maker rewarded the hard work of the censor, as when he 
read in the letter of a soldier lad to his best girl that he 
wished she could see him taking his bath in the cold shower 



34 History of the SO^th Ammunition Train 

and then followed with a vivid description of his shivering 
sensations. 

Then came the never to be forgotten sub attack, often 
hoped for and dreaded but now almost forgotten. It was 
3:80 o'clock on the afternoon of July 30th in St. George's 
Channel with only a day to go when it came. The decks 
were covered with men, many more were below. Down in 
the dining saloon, the censoring officers pored over strange 
handwritings and looked with suspicious eyes for all infor- 
mation which would give aid and comfort to the enemy when 
BOOM ! the ship vibrated with the concussion of the explod- 
ing depth bomb dropped by one of the destroyers. This 
had been heard at other times, and, beyond a lifting of the 
head for a minute, few paid any attention to it. Then 
BOOM ! went another, then another, and still another, until 
the old ship fairly rattled with the reverberations. That 
sounded like business. Life belts were flung on in accord- 
ance with previous orders and canteen belts quickly adjusted 
as everyone hurried up the stairs to see the fun. Away to 
the right could be seen the scudding figures of several de- 
stroyers shooting around and dropping depth bombs here 
and there. On the outside of the convoy, towards the 
danger point, was the sturdy cruiser and on the stern of 
the various ships stood the gun crews by their guns ready 
for action. Then once more the little so-called tanker, the 
mystery ship of the convoy, took her part and showed her 
real character. Here, there, and everywhere through the 
fleet she shot, like a cat watching for the appearance of a 
mouse. Sections of her side had dropped showing guns 
cleared for action, and the men cheered her as she passed. 

The fleet veered sharply to the left at top speed away 
from the submarine which had been sighted to starboard 
and then ran into the second submarine. Accounts vary as 



On to France 35 

to what actually did happen but the writer gives here the 
tale as he believes it from the accounts of the ship's officers 
and from officers on other nearby ships. When the first 
submarine was sighted on the starboard, the cruiser gave 
the signal to swing eight points to the port away from the 
danger. They had swung six points when the second sub- 
marine was encountered. This was apparently lying sub- 
merged headed towards the course which the fleet had been 
pursuing and where they would have come but for this signal 
from the cruiser. The shift in the course brought the outer 
ship headed directly for the sub and so near to him when 
he rose to take observations that there was no time for him 
to either submerge out of the way or turn. The only thing 
left to escape being rammed was for the sub to sTioot for- 
ward, which it did. It came by the bow of the first steamer 
and there nearby was the second. There was no recourse 
but to keep going and as he came by the bow of the second, 
there was the Haverford. He crossed her bows within 200 
feet and started across the open space between the Haver- 
ford and the Northland. Shots were fired from the stern 
gun of the Saxonia in front, bringing the sub partly to the 
surface, then the gun of the cruiser spoke, sending its mes- 
sage of death across the bow of the Northland and making 
a direct hit on the submarine. A vivid flame shot into the 
air with a loud explosion. Fragments of metal shot in all 
directions over the water and then the sea settled down. In 
front, a British destroyer, which had been heading down 
towards this spot at full speed, calmly turned about and 
proceeded in the opposite direction as much as to say, "I am 
no longer needed there." The fleet resumed its formation 
and life settled down again to its usual form except for the 
excited discussion which prevailed regarding the incidents of 
the battle. 



36 History of the 304-th Ammmiition Tram 

About 2:30 a. m. the following morning another alarm 
was sounded and the troops lined up on deck in readiness 
but nothing occurred. After a half-hour's wait, the men 
were dismissed to their quarters. Whether there really was 
a submarine no one knows ; the gunner on the Northland 
thought he saw one and the alarm was given but no action 
occurred. Some went back to sleep again, others remained 
on deck or below chatting until the morning light brought 
the sight of land. The steamer moved slowly up the river 
to Liverpool and docked in the afternoon, having been seven- 
teen days on the way. 

A six mile hike brought the regiment to Knotty Ash, 
whose fame has been sung by many tongues. It was the 
first experience with rest camps and the quietness and rest 
was a welcome change after the confinement and monotony 
of the seventeen days' ship life. The sun fortunately was 
shining and its warmth mellowed every heart. One wished 
that he might remain here longer and bask in its rays for 
awhile, but the need for men was urgent in France. Two 
nights and a day of rest and washing of clothes, then came 
a day's ride by train through the rolling English farming 
land towards the south to Romsey, eleven miles from South- 
ampton. Two nights more and the long march to South- 
ampton was undertaken, long and hard to those who had 
had little exercise for nearly three weeks. At 4:00 in the 
afternoon the regiment boarded the channel steamer St. 
George. At 5 :00 p. m. the start was made. Le Havre was 
reached early on the morning of August 5th. The officers 
and men were beginning to become inured to hardship but 
this voyage brought forth another chorus of groans from 
tortured humanity. Every inch of space was taken by the 
seething mass of tired men. They lay packed in elbow to 
elbow, they slept on baggage and on tables, they leaned 



On to France 37 

against the side, they slept on top of one another. It was 
impossible to walk about without stepping on human forms. 
The same conditions prevailed for the officers. There were 
but five staterooms on board and these were mostly filled 
with British and other officers. Less than a half dozen of 
the Train officers found beds, the balance were told that 
they could spent the night in the smoking saloon. Nearly 
every seat there was filled with British officers and their 
baggage. So the officers of the Train slept on the. soft side 
of the floor, huddled together like sheep in an atmosphere 
exhausted and filled with tobacco fumes. It was an awful 
night for all but morning brought relief. 

At 8:00 A. M. on the morning of August 5th, the Train 
debarked and for the first time stepped ashore on the soil 
of France to help pay back America's debt for the work of 
Lafayette and the French forces during the days when we 
were fighting for our independence. The column formed, 
the word of command was given, and up the streets moved 
the regiment towards the rest camp where they were to 
stay that night. One incident of that short march will 
remain indelibly impressed on the minds of all who heard 
and witnessed it. 

The head of the marching column came opposite a town 
hall which displayed a large banner with the inscription 
"Welcome to our American Friends." A little group stood 
waiting and two men stepped forward. Both were old, for 
France's young men were all in the army. The spokesman 
was a venerable man with a long flowing white beard. With 
well cliosen words in perfect English he expressed the wel- 
come both of France and the little town where he lived and 
the appreciation for the aid being rendered by the Ameri- 
can forces. As an expression of the friendship of France 
for America, he laid in the arms of the Commanding Officer, 



38 History of the 304.th Ammtmition Tram 

Lt. Col. H. J. McKenny, a beautiful bouquet of flowers. 
As this was done, little children passed down the lines of 
waiting men and handed flowers to all. And each man, as 
he pinned the flowers in a button hole did so with a better 
understanding of the courteous character of the people by 
whose side he was to fight. It was not alone the act, but 
the simple and beautiful way in which it was done that 
deepened the impression. Then on up the hill moved the 
column to the Rest Camp. Here, on the morrow, they were 
rejoined b}'' Co. G, which had remained at Southampton 
over night. 

Whoever called these camps "Rest Camps" evidently had 
never visited Le Havre or, if he had, had forgotten it. It 
was a place of apparently perpetual rain and the clay soil 
made up almost instantly into sticky, slimy mud which 
stuck to clothes and shoes with the grip of iron. The troops 
were placed in conical tents, with no bunks. These would 
not have been so bad in good weather, but in the constant 
rain the water trickled down in all directions. The cry 
went up, "If this be rest, give us work." Fortunately only 
one night was spent there. At eleven o'clock the following 
night, the column of men formed silently and marched down 
to the train to start south. 

Now came the split in the Train, which was destined to 
continue for three months. Companies A and B, with the 
Mobile Ordnance Repair Shop, were detached and placed 
under the command of Capt. Geo. M. Cannon, then of Co. A,. 
soon afterwards promoted to the rank of major and placed 
in command of the Motor Battalion. These three units re- 
ported directly to Division Headquarters at Prauthoy and 
were in all of the action participated in by the division, as 
also was Co. G, which soon after this was ordered to join 
these companies. The other units of the Train proceeded 



On to France 39 

south, first to St. Leomer, then to La Courtine for training 
with the artillery of the division. This artillery never came 
up into action, but the balance of the Ammunition Train 
went forward to the front one week before the armistice, 
as will be narrated later. The story of the experience of 
these two groups will form the subject of the next two 
chapters, the next chapter after that continuing the story 
of the Train from the time when the two groups are re- 
united. 

In passing it may be of interest to narrate the Train's 
first experience with the German spy system, which came 
at Le Havre. Several houses overlooked the camp. From 
one of these, early in the evening on which the majority of 
the Train moved south, flashes of light were detected in an 
upstairs window, which ceased suddenly as a section of the 
guard came into sight. A close watch was kept, and at 
11:00 p. M., when the column began the march towards the 
train, the flashes began again. Two groups of armed guards 
under the leadership of Lt. R. S. Prosser and Lt. H. B. 
Glover, accompanied by French gendarmes, raided the 
house, forcing an entrance. The house was occupied by a 
Belgian woman and her family. She was in the upstairs 
room where the flashes had been seen. The flashes here had 
ceased, but, leaning out of the window, they saw in the dis- 
tance some answering flashes. A squad hurried to that spot 
and found a house fitted with a wireless outfit. Nearby 
stood two old smoke stacks, upon which the wires were 
stretched. The occupants of both houses were placed under 
arrest and turned over to the local French authorities. 



CHAPTER V 

IN TRAINING WITH THE ARTILLERY 

NOW came the first taste of that method of travelling, 
via the route of "40 hommes or 8 chevaux" which they 
were to experience as the usual mode of travel in France, 
but which had previously been unknown to them. There 
follows a description of this method as written by Sgt, Mgr. 
R. A. Cook after two of these trips and published at the 
time in the Bombshell, the weekly newspaper of the regiment : 
"Probably the one thing that impresses American soldiers 
in France more than anything else is the method of travel- 
ling from one camp to another. When all of us left our 
home for camp a year ago, we were transported by modern, 
all-steel American coaches ; when we left camp to embark 
for this side we used, if not all-steel, then pretty fair wood 
coaches, but coaches, nevertheless, and then to hit this side 
and have to use the old family box car is a come down, to 
say the least ! Of course, so far we have no kick with these 
side door Pullmans (which is an American term, as you all 
know, and has come with us). Our first trip was the worst, 
so far, as it required a night's sleep in the cars ; the second 
was only a day's ride and, while we had to keep well huddled, 
we got away with it all right. 

"If only the French cars were as large and heavy as the 
American 'Pullmans.' There never was a car that bounced 
more over tlie rails than the French box cars. They are 
light in weight and the result is that they fairly burn 
through space. Accompanied by the 'female' screeches of 

40 



In Training with the Artillery 41 

the engine whistle, which are frequent and always used to 
indicate the entrance to a tunnel, one has to look out fre- 
quently to see whether the train is actually travelling at 
the 100 miles per hour rate it seems to be. We look upon 
the future with misgivings for, verily, the Fall is with us 
and soon will come Old Man Winter and then we wonder 
how comfortable (?) these same Pullmans will be! Perhaps 
they will furnish us with straAV. If they do, those of us 
who have good memories will let their minds stray back to 
the days of horse cars in the states when the same method 
of heating was used. The Sanitary Detachment should 
have a lot of work to do after the Ammunition Train takes 
a long ride under these conditions. Why don't some men 
be more careful when they cut their bread, eat the "Bully 
Beef" and spread their jam.'^ Will we be able to use a 
regular Pullman again when we get back, or will we com- 
plain that it has no side door for one's feet to hang from?" 
The train pulled slowly out of the Le Havre station in 
the dead of night, and with more or less intermittent stops, 
made its way south. In the camp at Le Havre remained the 
detached companies, whose story will be told in the next 
chapter. The course of the train took the regiment over 
much historic ground. They passed through Rouen, the 
town where Joan of Arc was burned at the stake, and Le 
Mans, which a few months later was to be the IMecca for 
the troops returning homeward bound. They skirted Tours, 
the headquarters of the S. O. S. and the city to which in 
the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 the patriot Gambetta had 
fled to organize the armies of France after his sensational 
escape in a balloon from beseiged Paris. From Tours the 
course led to Poitiers near the battlefield where in 732 A. D. 
tlie destiny of Europe was decided when Charles Martef, 
the grandfather of Charlemagne, met and hurled back the 



42 History of the SO^-th Ammunition Train 

advancing Saracen forces who bade fair to over-run all 
Europe and crush out its Christian religion. 

After a thirty-six hour ride on the train, the regiment 
detrained at Montmorrillon, some thirty miles southeast of 
Poitiers. A march of nine miles in the burning sunlight 
brought the regiment to its camp, which was to be their 
home for a month. It was on the edge of the little town of 
St. Leomer, which was so small as not to appear on the 
map. An open field surrounded by hedges, a part of the 
estate of the Count Cardonne, formed the camp site. For 
houses there were the shelter tents of the men, for mat- 
tresses, the bed sacks more or less filled with straw, for beds, 
the soil of Mother Earth, for a bathhouse, a stream of cold 
water flowing by the side of the camp. On the sloping 
ground above the stream were stretched the tarpaulins cov- 
ering the kitchens. These kitchens gave forth good whole- 
some food three times a day. During the month spent here, 
there was hardly a cloud in the skies. It was a season of 
perpetual sunshine, and it was good to look back upon in 
the long winter months of almost ceaseless rain which fol- 
lowed. 

Here for a month was heard the yell of the corporal's 
"Squads east" and "Squads west" with all the hikes, the 
lectures, and the manoeuvers which accompany intensive 
military training, for it must be remembered that a large 
part of the men composing the regiment at this time were 
new men who had come in as replacements just before the 
regiment left the states and most of these had not obtained 
even the preliminary military training. When the month's 
training was over, the companies could march and manoeu- 
ver with the snap and precision of veterans. 

This was a new area to American soldiers and not fitted 
with the comforts of the older camps. There were little 



In Training with the Artillery 43 

facilities for entertainment and recreation. There was not 
even a complete baseball outfit in the Train and games were 
played with clubs for bats. Writing materials were scarce 
and hard to secure and news of the current events still 
harder. The Chaplain made a trip to Tours and laid the 
situation before the Regional Y. M. C. A. Office there. 
Hearty co-operation was given and all possible done to re- 
lieve the situation, although little could be done along the 
permanent line pending the settlement of the question 
whether the area would become a permanent training area. 
A trunk full of writing paper, envelopes, baseball supplies, 
etc., was brought back and a portable moving picture ma- 
chine with films sent down. The theatre was an open field, 
the screen stretched on trees bordering the bank of the 
stream, with the ground for seats, but it meant much after 
the long period with no entertainment. Not the least de- 
lighted part of the audience were the town's people whose 
exclamations of joy brought many a laugh to the lips of 
the Americans to whom this sight was no novelty. 

During the stay at St. Leomer the first death occurred 
in the regiment and sadly enough by accident. A group 
were spending a few hours' outing by the side of a little 
lake. Several were in bathing and one unable to swim went 
beyond his depth and drowned before assistance could reach 
him. This was Pvt. Ernest J. Parsons of the Hdqrs. Det. 
Horsed Bn. He was sadly laid to rest by his comrades 
with full military honors in the little village cemetery at 
Montmorrillon. 

But withal the days passed quickly. Then came the 
orders to move, and on Sept. 1, 1918, camp was struck and 
the regiment marched to Montmorrillon, where the night 
was spent, boarding the train in the morning for La Cour- 
tine, Creuse. The regiment reached there at night. Some- 



44 History of the 304-th Ammunition Train 

one had forgotten that the Ammunition Train was coming 
and a delay ensued as the men stood waiting at the depot in 
the pouring rain which from now on was to be perpetual 
through the fall and winter months. Another article from 
the pen of Sgt. Mgr. Cook, describing the arrival at this 
camp, is reproduced from the Bombshell : 

"Very often there is a shp 'tween the cup and lip: very 
often, we say. After our pleasant ride to this camp, plus 
the nice things we heard about the camp, that we were to 
be housed in stone barracks and have other accommodations 
for which we yearned, we had to liave our pleasant dreams 
interfered with by the ending of the train ride and the re- 
mainder of the journey to these same barracks. Just why 
we had to run into the rain storm, we'll never know, but we 
waited and waited at the station, after detraining, while the 
skies sputtered lightning and rolled with thunder. 

"With regard to supper, which was the subject upper- 
most in our minds, our visions ran to something, we knew 
not what, that would be hot— our hopes of course being for 
things that would be unmentionable in the army. 

"Then we started to march for that very meal; we even 
encountered the trench near the road without fear and with- 
out light, we stacked our "pieces," we took our mess kits 
and we started again, back across the same trench, up the 
hill, while it thundered as before and the streaks of light- 
ning gave us an idea of where we were walking. 

"Reaching the kitchens, we lined up, held out our pans 
and had them filled (with what we knew not), and sneaked 
ofF to eat it and then found the pan contained BEANS. 
How the young soldiers did wail and gnash their teeth — ^but 
the pans were emptied rapidly and the coffee was good and 
hot and the fact that the train was made up of good soldiers 



In Training with the Artillery 45 

was proved by the manner in which the men complained of 
their "chow" and ate it. 

"Then for the hike to the barracks, and bed. Some said 
we would have to cover five kilometers and others two. But 
it was some walk, nevertheless. Not that it was long, for 
it could not have exceeded thirty-five minutes, but a walk, 
even of that length, with full pack, in a driving rain, along 
the sides of a mountain, so dark that you couldn't see your 
file leader, was no joke. The farther we walked the wetter 
we got — but we conquered. 

"A light gleamed out and shortly we saw barracks and 
knew that we had reached our haven. We weren't long in 
picking out a place to sleep and no bugle blew first call the 
next morning. That accounts for so many men going to 
breakfast that morning at the unearthly late hour of 8 :00 
o'clock." 

A stay of nearly two months was made at La Courtine, 
with constant training, part of which included the hauling 
of ammunition to the guns of the artillery brigade which 
was in training on the range here. 

At the very beginning of this time, Lt. Col. H. J. Mc- 
Kenny, who up until then had been the Commanding Officer, 
was transferred to the Infantry, then preparing to go into 
action in the Argonne, and the command of the regiment 
devolved upon Major Edwin M. VanVoorhees, who had been 
transferred to the regiment two days before leaving the 
States and placed in command of the Motor Battalion. 
Major VanVoorhees remained in command until December. 

Several things stand out of the round of routine at La 
Courtine. One was the epidemic of Spanish Influenza which 
broke out there. It started first with the Ammunition Train 
and turned every barracks into a hospital. Each company 



46 History of the SOJ^th Ammunition Train 

set aside isolation rooms and every effort was put forth by 
the medical force to stay its spread. At one time more than 
150 members of the Train were incapacitated by its rav- 
ages. Fortunately, however, it did not take a dangerous 
form in the Train and no death occurred in the regiment. 

It was at La Courtine that the Bombshell came into being. 
This was the weekly regimental newspaper which started 
very humbly but gradually grew both in size and scope and 
various probelms of production and composition were 
solved. It was published in tlie Chaplain's Office on a Multi- 
graph machine. Sgt. McShcrry of Motor Battalion Head- 
quarters for a considerable period served as field editor. 
The printing force for several months included Pvt. Fred. 
Marble of Co. C, and Pvt. H. C. Sheridan of Co. E. Later 
on Sgt. Wm. T. Nell and Pvt. Seymour Benson of Co. G 
carried on this work. Indeed, a large number aided in its 
production as writers, reporters, editors, etc. Much of its 
success also was due to the co-operation and interest taken 
by the Commanding Officer, Major VanVoorhees. 

La Courtine also will be remembered for the development 
of the Fife and Drum Corps and the Minstrels. It was hei-e 
also that the Train celebrated its first anniversary. 

Stirring news came repeatedly from the front of the prog- 
ress made by the American army and its allies and the hearts 
of all longed to be there. The fear was expressed that, after 
all, the regiment would not reacli tlicrc in time to share in 
the great victory which everyone believed was sure to come. 
At last came the long hoped for order and with wildly beat- 
ing hearts everj'one hurried with the preparations. The 
Ammunition Train was at first sclieduled to go at the end 
of the Artillery Brigade, but fortunately at the last moment 
the plan was changed and the Train went first. Fortu- 
nately, I say, because otherwise the regiment would never 



In Training with the Artillery 47 

have seen action, for the war was over before the Artillery 
arrived. 

We leave here a few moments the story of this trip to the 
front to narrate the experiences of tlie three companies at 
the front. Two of these as you will recall were detached 
from the Train at Le Havre and the third was ordered to 
join them some time later from St. Leomer. This story will 
be told by Parker R. Skinner, a lieutenant of Co. G, later 
promoted to captain and given command of the company. 



CHAPTER VI 

THE THREE COMPANIES AT THE FRONT 

THE complete history of Companies A, B, and G in 
action will never be written. The cold concrete facts, 
such as "Ammunition dumps were established at 27.3-48.2 
and at 64.5-50.4, and 25 trucks sent to Lemmes for small 
arms ammunition on such and such a date," can be set down 
and made a matter of record. 

However, the intimate persojial history of those long, 
lonely trips on trucks through devastated and shell-torn 
country; the midnight marches through the rain and amid 
the bursting shells ; the blocked traffic on the exposed road, 
where the groans of the wounded and dying mingled with 
the hum of motors and the clank of trace chains ; the lonely 
vigil on the dump, where a night's sleep was impossible be- 
cause of bursting shells and gas alarms, will never be ade- 
quately described with the pen. Such things are only fully 
recorded in the memories of those who have experienced 
them. 

Companies A and B were separated from the major por- 
tion of the Train at Le Havre and, instead of going to 
Montmorrillon with the artillery, were sent up to the tenth 
training area to join the infantry brigades of the division. 
The detachment was placed under the command of Major 
George Cannon. The other officers accompanying it were 
Capt. W. L. Hitt, Lt. R. S. Prosser, Lt. H. B. Charos, and 
Lt. H. B. Glover. 

The companies left Le Havre August 8th and arrived at 

48 



The Three Companies at the Front 49 

Maatz Sunday, August 11th, at about nine o'clock in the 
morning. Here they were met by Lt. Parker R. Skinner, 
who was then on detached service as a division billeting 
officer, and he guided the detachment to Rivieres-le-Bois, 
where it was installed in more or less comfortable billets. 

Rivieres-le-Bois is a picturesque French village located 
on a high hill in the northern part of the Tenth American 
Training area. That hill still lingers in the memory of all 
who had to climb it from the rifle range in the torrid August 
heat. The work at Rivieres-le-Bois consisted of close order 
drills and rifle practice. Rivieres-le-Bois had never before 
been occupied by American troops and the men of the Train 
met with most courteous treatment from the inhabitants. 

On August 20th, Co. G received orders to join Companies 
A and B, and it arrived in Maatz August 30th and joined 
Major Cannon's detachment the same date. The company 
at this time was commanded by Capt. Thomas H. Nimick. 
Lt. Parker R. Skinner and Lt. John F. Choate were the 
other officers. 

September 7th orders came for another move and on 
September 9th the detachment left Rivieres-le-Bois and en- 
trained at Maatz. It arrived in Revigny at 2 a. m. Sept. 
10th, and at once began to detrain in the pouring rain. 
Few who were there will ever forget the rain, the mud, the 
darkness, the crowded key, and the long march to Lisle en 
Rigault, where the companies were finally billeted. 

The stay at Lisle en Rignault was a short one. Orders 
were received for the division to move on up towards the 
front and September 14th the detachment packed up and 
awaited truck transportation. There was a suppressed 
flutter of excitement among the men, for all knew that new 
and strange experiences were about to be encountered. At 
last the trucks came, but it was well after two o'clock on 



50 History of the 30Jj.th Ammunition Train 

the morning of the 15th before the detachment got away 
from Lisle en Rigault. The ride that morning created a 
new sensation ; for, as the convoy drew nearer the scene of 
action, the distant booming of the big guns proclaimed that 
deadly warfare was being waged within a few miles. At 
last the trucks reached a point on the road opposite the 
Bois de Brocourt and were there unloaded and the men 
hustled into the wood, for the Commanding Officer had been 
warned of the danger of aerial observation. The night and 
the following day were spent in the woods. The evening of 
Sept. 16th gave the Ammunition Train its first taste of real 
warfare. The 304th Supply Train had just brought its 
trucks to the edge of the wood. They came under the ob- 
servation of an enemy aeroplane bomber and he dropped a 
few souvenirs. His aim was bad, but all learned that they 
were now in the theatre of war and that all precautions 
should be taken from that time on. "" 

The same evening the detachment moved on up to the 
Bois de Bethlainville, above Dombasle. Here preparations 
were made for active participation in the war. The men 
were quartered in old dugouts. The trucks, which had lately 
been issued to Companies A and B, were camouflaged with 
the branches of trees. The darkness of the forest at night, 
the ever present supply of mud, the frequent gas alarms, 
the active preparations of the artillery in the neighborhood, 
the long truck drives to Lemmes and other rail heads for 
ammunition, are things connected with the next few days 
which will never be forgotten. Anyone who has taken one 
of those truck trips to the front on a dark night must take 
off his hat to the army truck driver. Witliout lights, in 
the pitch darkness, on shell torn roads completely filled with 
animals and vehicles, he guides his truck to the dumps and 



The Three Companies at the Front 51 

returns for more supplies. Even the "doughboy" must 
share a few honors with him. 

Here it was that the dreaded Spanish Influenza struck 
the detac) inent. Each day great numbers of men were evac- 
uated to the hospital. Twenty-six were lost from one com- 
pany alone in three days. Not only was the enlisted per- 
sonnel of the detachment affected, but the strength of the 
commissioned officer staff was greatly reduced by the same 
cause. At one time Major Cannon and Lt. Skinner were 
the only officers with the three companies, and the Com- 
manding Officer, himself, took out a number of ammunition 
convoys. The situation was much relieved by the return 
of Lt. Choate from the hospital early in the celebrated 
Meuse-Argonne offensive and the return of Lt. Charos and 
Lt. Glover in the midst of the activities. 

On September 25th Companies A and B moved to Jouey 
to be nearer the railheads from which ammunition was ob- 
tained and Company G was left alone in the woods. 

Now came the never to be forgotten night of Sept. 25-26, 
the opening of the great Meuse-Argonne offensive. Dark- 
ness, an occasional gas alarm, suppressed excitement every- 
where behind the guns and then — 10:00 o'clock. The great- 
est artillery bombardment the world had known was on. 
Everywhere in the forests and on hillsides the great French 
and American guns belched forth. It seemed as if all the 
guns in the world had been concentrated in one small circle 
and that circle immediately surrounding you. To plod 
along in the darkness and to have a great French naval gun 
unexpectedly crash and send its deadly missle from the 
bushes near at hand is an experience never to be forgotten. 
Ask any man of Company G about the power of "Eslie 
Janis' " voice, as they heard it that night, and see what he 



62 History of the SOJ^th Ammunition Train 

says. This night was a particularly memorable one for 
Company G, for they moved on up the road to Camp de 
Civils during this bombardment. 

During the early days of the Meuse-Argonne-Montfaucon 
offensive the work of the detachment was arduous and va- 
ried. Night after night the trucks went up with ammuni- 
tion. A number of them were tied up for many long hours 
on the Malancourt road at the time of the awful block of 
traffic on this highway of supply. Meanwhile Co. G. was 
performing its first active service in running a 40 c. m. 
mule drawn railroad, until one end of it was blown up by 
enemy shells, in helping build a road across No Man's Land 
for the tanks, and in transporting food and supplies up to 
the front by means of a large number of burros which had 
been turned over to them by the French. A more detailed 
account of these days can be found in the company his- 
tories of Co. A, B, and G, and the Ordnance Detachment. 

At the beginning of October, the 79th Division was re- 
lieved and the Ammunition Train Companies moved back 
on October 4th to Camp Monthairons in the woods north- 
east of Souilly. The men of A and B moved down in trucks. 
The men of Company G hiked until late in the evening when 
the trucks, returning, picked them up and carried them on to 
their destination. 

The time in Camp Monthairons was spent mostly in rest- 
ing after the strenuous work in the Argonne. However, the 
truck drivers were often called upon to make long trips, as 
the division was preparing to go in on the Troyon sector. 
Camp Monthairons will be chiefly remembered for its mud 
and dark nights. 

October 11th the whole detachment was moved in trucks 
to Ambly, a small town near the Meuse, south of Verdun. 
Here more or less comfortable billets were obtained and a 



The Three Companies at the Front 53 

rather quiet and uneventful two weeks were spent. Of course 
the trucks were often called upon for service, but the great 
majority of the men were entertained by "Squads east" and 
"Squads west." 

Meanwhile the division was preparing to go in on the 
Meuse sector and the Ammunition Train detachment was 
again moved to be nearer the scene of action. Company G 
went into the old French barracks in the Bois Sec, while the 
truck companies were located nearby, just across the river 
from Dugny and within a few kilometers of Verdun. 

Once more the trucks were sent flying to carry up ammu- 
nition, as the division was again going into action. Night 
after night large convoys wended their way up towards the 
front with ammunition of all kinds and descriptions. Co. G, 
being without adequate transportation equipment, sent out 
details to guard and do the necessary work at the various 
dumps. Twenty men under Sgt. Wilkinson were in Verdun 
nearly a month on duty at the Victor Ammunition Dump, 
and smaller details under Sgts. Lonabaugh and Frame were 
sent to the divisional dumps at Samogneux and Brabant. 
None of the duties which the men of the detachment were 
called upon to do at this time was child's play. The whole 
region north of Verdun was rapidly becoming the scene of 
most active warfare. Great high explosive shells, gas shells, 
etc., made the road from Verdun north through Samogneux, 
Brabant, and on up the road a very exciting thoroughfare. 

On November 2nd the remainder of Co. G was attached 
to the 304th Engineers and moved up to Regneville and 
went into camp in the bushes on top of the hill near that 
place. Here, in the mud and rain, in constant danger from 
bursting shells and gas, the men worked with the Engineers 
in "making little ones out of big ones." Later Companies 
C, D, E and F joined Co. G in similar work. 



CHAPTER VII 

THE WHOLE REGIMENT AT THE FRONT 

THERE came the day when the two parts of the regi- 
ment came back together again, continuing their iden- 
tity until that day when, landing in the United States, they 
split into the various groups going to the demobilization 
camps. 

At La Courtine, the regiment boarded the train on Fri- 
day morning, November 1st, for the front. Then followed 
two days and a half of travelling via the old route of "40 
hommes or 8 chevaux" which carried them steadily on 
towards the place of action which was the goal of every 
thought. About 8 :00 p. m. Sunday evening, November 3rd, 
they detrained at Dugny, close to Verdun. 

The details of the trip up varied little from the other 
trips which had been made. It was a round of eating the 
common "corned willy," of sleeping intermittently, and of 
watching the scenery sometimes moving by and sometimes 
standing still. The imagination can fill in the details. One 
feat was carried out on the trip up which was unique and 
as far as known has never been undertaken by any other 
outfit moving to the front. This consisted of the publica- 
tion enroute of one edition of the Bombshell. The printing 
press and equipment was set up in one end of a box car, the 
other end of which was piled higli with field ranges and 
organization property. Here the printing force lived and 
worked. It was a trying experience and the typesetting 
could only be done on ten minute shifts because of the strain 

54 



The Whole Regiment at tlie Front 65 

on the eyes. The composing frames were held on the table 
with one hand while with the other the type was picked out 
with the composing fork. One or two flat wheels on the 
car did not improve matters any. Once the entire compos- 
ing frame crashed on to the floor but fortunately did not 
break. The working space was limited and with none too 
much light, but little by little the paper began to take shape 
and the final page was printed and the paper distributed 
through the train an hour or two before reaching the station 
where the troops would get off^. The sight of the operation 
proved a never failing source of wonder to the civilian popu- 
lation along the line of travel, who would crowd around the 
door of the car at the various stops with eager questions 
and then turn away shaking their heads as much as to say, 
"What will those crazy Yankees do next.?" A few miles 
outside of Dugny a stop was made near an American camp. 
Here were German prisoners under guard loading and un- 
loading cars. One of the papers fresh from the press was 
given to the American guard. The prisoners crowded 
around and looked at it in amazement. What they thought 
is not known. 

Slowly the train pulled alongside of the loading key at 
the Dugny railhead. It was pitch dark. The grounds and 
platform were already well filled with equipment from other 
organizations. The rain fell in sheets. But few lights 
showed. No one seemed to know which way to go. Then 
out of the darkness and storm came the forms of Major 
Cannon and other officers from the three companies which 
had been there at the front and a warm greeting was ac- 
corded them. A few questions brought the information that 
Companies A and B with the Ordnance Detachment were 
quartered a mile or two away across the canal. No more 
room was available there, but energetic scurrying around 



56 History of the 304-th Ammunition Train 

located temporary shelter for the night. Some slept in a 
low barracks building, many others in an old church which 
had been more or less shot to pieces. Others crawled into a 
shed, and some, they say, slept on the slabs in the grave- 
yard undisturbed by ghosts, though no one knows how many 
uneasy dreams they had. The officers slept in an attic in 
the building occupied by Division headquarters. 

Morning dawned and the eyes of the waking men looked 
curiously and moodily around. So this was the front. They 
saw a small village. Most of the houses were still standing, 
but many had fallen roofs or gaping walls. A few civilians 
were to be seen, but only a few, while on every hand one 
saw soldiers and equipment. And the mud ! They had seen 
mud before and thought they knew it, but now they knew 
that they had still to learn the content of that little word 
of three letters. Opinion seemed to be equally divided 
whether trucks or motor boats were needed. All this fur- 
nished a good deal of amusement to the members of the 
companies which had become hardened to this, and many a 
laugh was had at the expense of the incoming men, and 
taken in more or less good humor. 

Morning brought also the question of what was to be 
done. They could not stay in Dugny, which was already 
crowded and becoming more so with the constant incoming 
stream of men and supplies. They did not haA'e equipment 
for ammunition hauling and that was being taken care of 
in other ways. It seemed a question of getting somewhere 
under cover until the equipment could be secured. Quarters 
proved available in the woods at Baleicourt, and thither 
the regiment marched in the afternoon, leaving a guard on 
the organization property piled near the unloading key. 

The march out was featured by one event, the sight of an 
observation balloon being shot down in flames. It was a 



The Whole Regiment at the Front 57 

new experience to these beholders and held all the thrills of 
the novelty of war. In the distance too could be heard the 
dull sound of the heavy guns hurling their missies of death 
towards the German lines. 

Baleicourt was reached in the evening. If the men 
thought there was mud at Dugny, they now were disillu- 
sioned. They were certain that they never had seen real 
mud before. Half way to the knees in this they plowed 
from barracks to barracks that night carrying equipment. 
Some had supper, many did not, but worn out and discour- 
aged they rolled in their blankets and went to sleep. Over- 
head, on one or two occasions, was heard the drone of pass- 
ing aeroplanes, whether American or German no one knew, 
but all lights were extinguished as a precaution. 

Morning came and a hot breakfast and it was surprising 
how much brighter the world seemed after that. The con- 
ditions were far from ideal, but this was war. They were 
there for a purpose and they wanted to carry out that pur- 
pose. The Hun was still to be crushed, and every man 
wanted to help do the job and do it quickly. 

They talked of trucks and horses : they wondered how 
long it would be before they came. Then came the orders. 
The trucks changed to picks and the horses to shovels. 
What freak was this, a self-respecting Ammunition Train 
made a labor battalion : those trained to manoeuver trucks 
over shell shot roads or to groom horses by numbers now 
to learn the intricacies of making "little ones out of big 
ones." But they were good soldiers. This was war. They 
were there to do their bit, whatever that might mean. There 
was already enough ammunition being hauled by the com- 
panies already there to fill the needs. Back of the advanc- 
ing lines on that famous sector "north of Verdun" the engi- 
neers were hard put to keep the roads in passable condition 



68 History of the 30/fth Ammunition Travn 

for the never ending stream of trucks and men passing back 
and forth. They were calling frantically for aid. Here 
was the need for men ; at Baleicourt were 800 men not needed 
for the more technical work for which they had been trained. 
Accordingly these 800 men were ordered up for road work. 

The orders came in the afternoon, packs were rolled, the 
column formed and the march began at 6 :00 p. m. It was 
already dark. Then through the long hours of that No- 
vember night they moved forward, plowing through the mud 
and stumbling over the uneven places in the road. Ahead 
the guns bellowed, on either side they passed broken and 
crumbling houses and father on, the confused tangle of 
barbed wire, old trenches, gun emplacements, and dugouts 
filled with men. That night of horror will ever remain in 
the minds of the men who made the march. The value of 
the previous months of constant physical training, marches, 
drills, etc., now was apparent. The packs Avcighed down 
like lead, the feet slipped and slid in the mud, but ever on 
they pressed to their destination. A stop for supper was 
made at Thierville, then the march resumed. The men were 
divided into several groups over a long stretch of territory. 
The farthest marching group did not reach their destina- 
tion above Samogneux until nearly 5 :00 a. m. after a 3etour 
caused by the shelling of the main road. They had hardly 
reached their destination before a gas alarm was sounded. 
The mask of one lieutenant refused to work and, rushing for 
a dugout, he fell headlong into a shell hole in the darkness. 
There were, however, no casualties, and many a laugh has 
been sprung since of some of the happenings of that never- 
to-be-forgotten night. 

Train headquarters was established at Dugny, near Divi- 
sion Headquarters. Companies A and B were located on 
the edge of the town, across the canal. Their trucks were 



The Whole Regiment at the Front 59 

in constant operation hauling the food for the 75's and 
155's which were hammering the German hnes. Co. G had 
been on road work for more than a week previous to the 
coming of the main Train, and after a strenuous period of 
work in the Argonne as has already been narrated in the 
preceding chapter. Companies C, D, E, F, and the smaller 
headquarters detachments, except Train Headquarters, 
were split into the various groups on road work and attached 
to the 30-ith Engineers. Soon afterwards, Train Head- 
quarters moved to Thierville, on the edge of Verdun. Com- 
panies A and B also moved to tlie same place. Co. C moved 
a little above Samogneux, joining Co, F which had been 
there from the first; Co. E was across the river beyond 
Regneville, and soon Co. D moved to the hillside below Hau- 
mont, where they were joined by Co. G, which previously 
had been near Regneville. These places remained the loca- 
tions of the various companies until a few days before 
Christmas when the regiment moved to Ecurey, as will be 
narrated later. 

During this period the group at Thierville were living in 
French houses, more or less ruined by shell fire, which had 
been patched up for occupancy with true Yankee ingenuity. 
The other groups were living in dugouts of all manner and 
description. It is a marvel what can be done by patience, 
perseverance, and ingenuity in providing comforts in the 
midst of the most dreary and barren surroundings. When 
the time came to move veritable little cities stood on the 
spots occupied by the troops. Some of the shacks were 
built of corrugated iron, some of boards, some of dirt. Some 
were below ground and some above. But everyone had a 
stove and more or less of the "comforts of home." 

The German line was beginning to go back slowly and 
then in a few days rapidly. The field and woods were filled 



60 History of the 304-th Ammtunition Tram 

with dead bodies, French, American, and German, many of 
wliom had lain there for weeks unburied. Attempts had 
been made to reach them, but the burial parties had been 
driven back. The fighting on this line was of the most 
desperate character and the Germans were not taking any 
chances that the burial parties might be assaulting parties. 
And so the bodies had lain there. Now, as the line went 
back, these bodies were accessible and the burial work was 
begun and pressed with double vigor after the cessation of 
hostilities. Co. D moved at this time to the slope below 
Haumont in Death Valley and worked under the direction 
of Chaplain Loomis of the Train and Chaplain Kleiser of 
the 304th Engineers, cleaning up the section around Hill 
360 and the Bois de Haumont. Over 400 bodies were buried 
in this section. Co. F worked in the neighborhood of Bra- 
bant under the direction of the Divisional chaplain, and 
buried large numbers. 

It was a heart-rending task. The bodies were in all stages 
of decomposition and many were shot to pieces. The ground 
was broken and shattered into uneven sections with shell 
holes almost overlapping each other. The woods were a 
confused tangle almost impassable. Every foot of groimd 
must be carefully searched and the dead gathered into 
groups. This frequently involved a carry of a half mile on 
stretchers. The bodies must be searched for valuables and 
personal effects to be forwarded back to the relatives at 
home. The bodies must be searched also for identification. 
Occasionally tags had been shot away or removed and iden- 
tification must be secured through letters or marks on cloth- 
ing or equipment. The graves must be dug in a soil so 
sticky and heavy with clay that it clung tenaciously to the 
shovels and wearied the muscles of the toiling men without 
much progress being made. But for one long week the work 
went on until the area was cleared of dead bodies. 



The Whole Regiment at the Front 61 

This work began on the morning of the armistice. All 
morning long the guns hammered away in one unbroken din, 
firing as rapidly as they could be loaded and discharged. 
Various rumors floated around of a coming armistice, but 
no one seemed to know definitely. Eleven o'clock came and 
that stillness which no one will ever forget. We give below 
the description of this event as it came from the able pen of 
Capt. David C. Gibson, the Train's supply officer, and pub- 
lished in the Bombshell: 

"Mud — fog — cold. 

"Such was the setting before which we saw the curtain 
drop on the World War — the greatest day in the history of 
the world. Not much to enthuse over in an impenetrable 
curtain of fog. A sea of oozy mud, beaten into a slush on 
the arteries of traffic leading up to the front, and a cold, 
raw atmosphere that pierced even the government woolens. 
Such was the setting up to eleven o'clock on that eleventh 
day of November. Then even the heavens seemed to realize 
the tremendous significance of the day and hour. Slowly 
the mist faded away, the wind carried off the clouds and by 
night the stars were gleaming down on an immense battle- 
field, transformed. The gods must have witnessed a strange 
sight. The celebration was limited to means of expression 
offered by the implements of modern warfare. Flares, 
rockets, star-shells and flaming signal lights were reflected 
in the sky for miles around. Pistols and the big "heavies" 
replaced the shouting that must have been heard half way 
across the Atlantic from the States. Troop movements, 
begun under orders issued in contemplation of the signing 
of the armistice, were under way — movements that con- 
trasted in their regularity and orderliness with the frenzied 
crowds that gave vent to their joy in impromptu parades 
in the cities and towEs we left to come across. 



62 History of the 30Jf.th Ammunition Trai/n 

"The French, ever optimistic thru more than four years 
of war, were the first to presage the end. And they were 
the first to pull out. At five minutes past eleven a battery 
of blue-clad defenders of Verdun were on their way back, 
their backs turned forever on the big guns they had manned. 
With an "au revoir; la guerre est fini," tliey disappeared 
into the mist while a battery of Yanks on their flank looked 
on in surprise. 

"Back along the main road leading to our front, just west 
of Verdun, up into Death Valley, and on towards Brabant, 
Consenvoye and Etraye, up towards Montmedy, Stenay and 
the famed Sedan, that afternoon the Stars and Stripes, the 
tricolor of France and the flag of Great Britain were float- 
ing. During the fighting not a flag had been in evidence. 
After the eleventh hour, however, they were unfurled. A 
regimental headquarters flung the American standard to the 
breeze ; in front of a first aid station "Old Glory" flapped 
high and dry above the splattering mud that passing cam- 
ions showered on the flagstaff ; passing automobiles lent their 
contributions by French, British, and American flags on the 
radiator; papier machc balloons, pennants and streamers 
were strung along and across the road all the way back, 
breaking the monotony of the dull, mud-colored camouflage 
that lined the highway against aerial observation. Big, 
lumbering trucks, motorcars speeding officers on important 
missions, motorcycles and mounts bearing orderlies, plus the 
decorations, made the road resemble Fifth Avenue after a 
big football game in tone. However, the stretch of guns 
along the road, under cover of the same hills that protected 
the roads ; the road itself, full of shell holes and ruts, and 
the hills, dotted with dugouts and shell craters, spilled any 
idea of New York City." 



CHAPTER VIII 



APRES LA GUERRE 



Foil more than a iiioutli after the armistice the com- 
panies remained in the same places, the companies at 
Thierville operating the Quads and F. W. D.'s, the com- 
panies attached to the engineers working on the roads and 
policing up the area. Life during the week was a constant 
round of work, eating, and sleep. On Sundays services were 
conducted by the Ciiaplain. These were almost always in 
the open air. One officer remarked that there was, to him, 
something impressive about the thought of religious services 
on the old hills which were cut and torn by trenches and 
shell holes and which had run red with the blood of the thou- 
sand's who had died there during the four long years of 
fighting which had raged heavily around that famous sec- 
tion. 

The chief divci'sion during this period was OLD MAN 
HUMOR. The war over and the great task accomplished, 
every heart longed for the homes across the sea which they 
had come to protect. The two burning questions were "Is 
there any mail.^" and "When are we going home?" The 
wildest rumors spread and lodged in fertile soil. Dates were 
set and changed over night. It all seems very laughable 
now, but it was serious then and it is difficult to know 
whether to call Old Man Rumor a friend or a foe. Certain 
it is that he furnished an unending source of mental activitv 
in a period when there was no other diversion. 

Christmas drew near with the prospect of a winter spent 

63 



64 History of the 304th Ammunition Train 

in France. The division expected to go forward to tlie 
border of Luxemburg in reserve. With the thought of get- 
ting the regiment together into more comfortable winter 
quarters the orders were given to move to Ecurey, a little 
town near Damvillers where the fighting stopped on the day 
of the Armistice. Lt. Col. F. T. Burt of the 315th Infantry 
was now temporarily in command. The move was made on 
the Saturday before Christmas, Dec. 21st, in order that the 
regiment might be located before Christmas. A great deal 
of cleaning was necessary in the town, but the place offered 
the prospect of comfortable winter quarters when this was 
done. The houses were nearly all intact. There were plenty 
of stoves and bunks. There was a shower bath plant which 
was put into operation after some repairs. Altogether the 
outlook was not so discouraging. But the stay was brief. 
Orders came that the area must be evacuated and the divi- 
sion move south of Verdun to the Souilly area, so accord- 
ingly, six days after the move to Ecurey, the Ammunition 
Train marched back over the same route again to Verdun 
and on to Souilly. Of this we will speak in a moment. Let 
us pause to tell of this Christmas, spent in the little village 
of Ecurey. It was probably the first Christmas away from 
liome to many there and it was but natural that there should 
be many lonely hearts. But they were there. They could 
not be home and they were glad that they liad had the oppor- 
tunity of sharing in the accomplished task. So everyone 
determined to make the best of the day. 

A religious service was conducted in the morning by the 
Chaplain in the little village church. The windows were 
shattered and one gaping hole appeared in the steeple where 
a shell had penetrated, but the interior was still intact and 
the pews in place. The place was packed with soldiers, 
among whom appeared the figures of the few townspeople 



Apres La Guerre 65 

still remaining in the village. At noon came the dinner, the 
regular government ration supplemented with whatever ex- 
tras it had been possible to secure. At 3 :00 in the after- 
noon the men gathered on the hillside above the village for 
the Christmas tree. Some forty-five civilians had remained 
in the village during the years of war, prisoners in the Ger- 
man hands. These were invited also. On both sides of the 
tree were lines of tables piled with chocolate, cookies, candy, 
tobacco, and cigarettes, the Christmas gift of the Y. M. 
C. A. In front of the tree was another table with gifts for 
the civilian population, French jam and cookies for the 
women and girls, and cookies and cigarettes for the men, 
with two dolls for the little tots. These were presented first 
and many were the exclamations of delight from the grateful 
French people, only recently released from German control, 
to whom these simple gifts were luxuries. A murmur of 
delight went through the ranks of waiting men at the expres- 
sion on the face of the little two year old when she clasped 
her doll in her arms. Then came rapid work as the other 
gifts were distributed. The day brought many tender mem- 
ories to these hearts far from homes and many lonely 
thoughts, but it will be a day which will remain treasured in 
memory. 

Two days later the regiment started on its march to 
Souilly. The first day's march covered about twenty miles. 
The day was cold and snappy in the morning, turning to 
rain in the late afternoon just before the night's stopping 
place was reached. The night was spent in Belleville on tlie 
edge of Verdun in some French barracks just vacated by 
Russians returned from German prison camps. The morn- 
ing came. A fine drizzle of rain was falling as the troops 
began the last lap of their journej^ increasing in volume 
and force as the day wore on and with a rising wind. 



66 History of the 30J/.th Ammunition Train 

Straight into this the column marched, facing the wind and 
rain. No raincoats could stand that test, even the trench 
coats of the officers leaked, and when at last camp was 
reached at Souilly, every man was soaked to the skin. The 
sleeping quarters that first night were insufficient and no 
fires available. There was no change of clothing. It is a 
proof of the endurance and physical health of the men that 
comparatively few were ill as a result of this exposure. If 
ever hot chocolate looked good, it did that night, and the 
chocolate line at the Y. M. C. A. hut was filled to overflow- 
ing with a wet frozen lot of men. 

In a few days readjustments were made, extra barracks 
secured, and kitchens well started, and, little by little, 
Souilly came to be almost a place of luxury in comparison 
with the dugouts occupied for those weeks north of Verdun. 

The barracks were of wood, with floors, and every man 
had a bunk. There were stoves, electric lights, shower 
baths, and, eventually, mess halls. There was a well stocked 
Y. M. C. A. canteen, where the men could purchase most 
of the comforts they desired. This camp remained the home 
of the Ammunition Train for three months, the longest stay 
made at any one place since they had left Camp Meade. 

Several things are connected with this stay. Within a 
few days after the arrival of the train, the regimental 
Recreation Hall was opened. A continuous program of 
entertainment was maintained here, four to six nights a 
week, which helped to provide wholesome diversion and 
recreation. The building at first was but an unfinished bar- 
racks with no floor, standing in a field of mud and with 
thick mud on the floor. This was thoroughly drained and 
the floor covered with cinders and gravel. A large stage 
was put in one end and benches seating 500 men filled the 



Apres La Guerre 67 

hall. Electric lights, dressing rooms, stage scenery, sus- 
pended moving picture platform, etc., were added, making a 
comfortable hall. 

Athletics were strongly emphasized during this period and 
developed, first under the direction of Lt. Joseph A. Thomas, 
then, after his departure for a University, by Lt. E. A. 
(Chick) Hannon. Both of these officers were all round ath- 
letes and under their direction the Ammunition Train came 
to be recognized in the realm of sports. They carried off 
the championship honors of the Division, in both soccer and 
football, and lost out on obtaining the championship in 
basketball by the narrow margin of one game. The base- 
ball season was just opening when there came the orders to 
move, and then the moves came so frequently that there was 
little opportunity to play, but without question the Train 
would have put up a hard scrap for the title in the national 
game. They gave a proof of their mettle when at the base 
port waiting to sail, the officers of the Train won a decisive 
victory over the officers at Division Headquarters. Much 
strong material was waiting for use in the Company and 
Regimental teams, and several victories were won in hard 
games at Nantes. 

In connection with the Recreation work at Souilly a Regi- 
mental orchestra was developed, which proved to be an ex- 
cellent orchestra. It was slow in developing because of the 
shortage of suitable music, instruments, and personnel, but 
eventually made good. A show troupe was also developed, 
which had just begun to tour the Division circuit when the 
movement was made to the base port for sailing. 

In the very beginning of the stay at Souilly, Lt. Col, E. P. 
Walser became tlie Commanding Officer of the Regiment, and 
continued as such until the Regiment was disbanded in Amer- 



68 History of the 304-th Ammimition Tram 

ica. He endeared himself to all during this time by his fine 
spirit and his constant thought for the welfare of the men 
under his commmand. 

During this time Co. E was on detached service at Divi- 
sion Headquarters. Capt. Belt acted as Camp Command- 
ant, and the Company had charge of the fire protection, sani- 
tation, policing, etc., of the Headquarters camp. 

This was a period also when the ranks of the Train were 
very much depleted by the numbers going away to universi- 
ties and schools, as well as the details for all purposes, many 
of which took the men away from their organizations on 
special duty. At one time only about 550 men were avail- 
able for active duty with the Regiment out of a total 
strength of nearly 1,100. This threw an increased strain 
on the men remaining, particularly in the truck Companies. 
One example showing the strain of this may be cited; that 
of the truck driver, whose truck was kept in such constant 
operation that it was impossible for him to get a bath in the 
hours when the bath house was open, making it necessary 
to get out a special order authorizing him to get a bath out 
of hours. 

The Regiment competed in two shows of this period, the 
horse and motor shows. Several prizes were won in the 
Divisional horse show and in the Corps show which fol- 
lowed. The Divisional motor show was never held owing to 
orders for the move down to the third training area, but the 
trucks of the Regiment and its motor equipment were exam- 
ined by an inspector from the 2nd Army Headquarters and 
a high tribute of praise was sent in the form of a letter 
from the Commanding General of the Ninth Corps, which 
is reproduced below: 



Apres La Guerre 69 



MOTOR BATTALION RECEIVES COMMENDATION 

Headquarters Ninth Army Corps, 

American Expeditionary Forces, 

A. P. O. 932. 

France, March 27, 1919. 
FROM The Commanding General, IX Corps. 

TO: The Commanding Officer, 304th Ammunition 

Train. 
SUBJECT: Inspection Report. 

1. The following report has been received with reference 
to the condition of the mechanical transport of your train: 

"304th Ammunition Train. 

Mechanical condition, very good. 

General appearance, excellent. 

This entire Train presented a most excellent appearance. 

It is recommended that the officer in charge of the Motor 

Transportation be especially commended for the condition 

of his vehicles." 

2. The Corps Commander wishes to express to you his 
appreciation for the condition of the mechanical transpor- 
tation in your Train, which merits such favorable com- 
mendation. He extends his most hearty congratulations 
to you. 

W. K. Nayloe, 
For and in the absence of the Commanding General. 

One deed of bravery of this time deserves special mention, 
the act of Corp. Alexis M. Carlin, of Co. "D," in driving a 
burning truck outside of the town of Clermont-en-Argonne, 
when the flames seemed certain of reaching some of the 



70 History of the SOJ^th Ammunition Train 

nearby buildings and starting a serious conflagration. This 
act brought a high tribute from the Commanding General 
of the Division which is worthy of reproduction in this vol- 
ume. 

HEADQUARTERS 79TH DIVISON, 

American E, F., France. 

13th February, 1919. 
FROM : Division Commander. 

TO: Corporal Alexis M. Carlin, Co. D, 304th Am. Train, 

tlirough Commanding Officer, 304th Am. Train. 
SUBJECT : Commendation. 

1. It has been brought to my attention by your com- 
manding officer that on the morning of February 4th, 1919, 
at Clermont-en-Argonne you acted in a very meritorious 
manner when your truck caught fire in front of the Salva- 
tion Army Headquarters. Your action in driving this burn- 
ing truck out of town showed coolness and courage on j^our 
part and probably prevented serious consequences in the 
town. 

2. It is with pleasure that I commend you for this action 
and this letter of commendation will be made a part of 
your official record by your commanding officer. 

Evan M. Johnson, 
Brigadier General, U. S. A., Commanding. 

On the 31st of March about half of the Train moved to 
their new location at Andelot, Haute-Marne, between Chau- 
mont and Neuf chateau. It was several days after this be- 
fore all of the Train reached their destination. Nearly all 
of the men were conveyed there in trucks, making the trip 
in one day's run. The hardest trip was that taken by some 




A View of Camp at Souillt, 

Looking from top of water tower along road 

towards division headquarters. 



Last Home in France 
German Dye Mill at Pont Rousseau 




U. S. Transport "Shoshone" 
Leaving St. Nazaire, France, carrying part of Ammunition Train home. 



Apres La Guerre 71 

100 men of the Horsed Battalion, who made the trip over- 
land with the horses and mules. They started on Saturday 
morning, March 29, 1919, in a blinding storm of snow, rain 
and sleet, driven by a high wind, into which they faced. 
This group was in charge of Capt. Robert Cresswell, Com- 
manding Officer of the Battalion. The trip lasted for four 
days witli almost continuous bad weather. 

The stay at Andelot was brief. In a little less than 
three weeks all mobile equipment was turned in and on Mon- 
day afternoon, April 21, 1919, the Regiment marched to 
Rimaucourt, boarded the train, and started for the base 
port. Nantes was reached before noon two days later and 
in a brief time the Regiment had marched to Pont-Rosseau, 
a suburb of Nantes, and were located in their new quar- 
ters in an old German dye factory, which had been con- 
fiscated by the French government. The quarters were 
crowded but there were few complaints, for everyone knew 
that tliey were headed for the land across the sea, "Where 
the air is full of sunshine, and the flag is full of stars," and 
they were willing to suffer any necessary discomfort to 
attain this end which for many months liad been the goal 
of their dreams, 

Pont-Rosseau will be remembered chiefly for its battle of 
typewriters. Day and night they pounded away on the 
passenger lists, the requisitions, the reports, the special or- 
ders, and the thousand and one details which stood as the 
barrier to the gangplank and home. A war to the death 
was also waged on the "Cootie" army, and although ex- 
aminations showed tliat very few of the Train's members 
were acting as almshouses for deserving bugs, yet all must 
needs go through the delousing plant on general principles, 
and many and loud, were the wails of the veteran soldiers 
as their smart uniforms acquired the special and distinctive 



72 History of the SOJ^th Ammimition Tram 

press and wrinkles of the steaming process. And surely 
there were few wrinkles left out, they all stayed. Each sol- 
dier acquired many new wrinkles during this period without 
the trouble of going to school. 



CHAPTER IX 



HOME AGAIN 



MAY 13th brought the final ride via the route of "40 
Hommes or 8 Chevaux." The regiment woke early 
that morning and worked with feverish energy rolling packs, 
cleaning up quarters and grounds, and loading boxes and 
equipment. The companies formed along the road and 
awaited the word. A clean bill of health was given by the 
area inspector, the Avord was given, packs were swung, the 
troops caught the step and down through the streets of 
Pont-Rousseau they marched and on across the bridge to 
Nantes and so to the "Chemin de Fer." Hearts were light 
and gay. It was the hour all were looking for. At the 
end of the journey by rail and water was HOME, dearer 
by far than ever before. 

They unloaded at St. Nazaire and marched to Embarka- 
tion Camp No. 2. It was broiling hot and the pace set by 
the guide was killing, but they made it. They had hardly 
reached the camp when tlic whirlwind series of examina- 
tions and inspections began. One night was spent in this 
camp, then on the morrow they marched to Embarkation 
Camp No. 1, went through the delousing plant, and came 
out with the assurance that any bug which remained with 
them must indeed be a hardy one. Then began again the 
battery of typewriters. All records had been made out at 
Pont-Rosseau according to instructions given and they had 
been certified as ready for sailing by the inspector there, 
but for some reason this did not satisfy the authorities at 

73 



74 History of the 30J^th Ammunition Train 

St. Nazaire. Many of these must be made out over again. 
It was now guess work how long the stay at St. Nazaire 
would be and what boat the Regiment would embark on. 
Some said it would be three hours, others insisted that it 
would be a week. But as a matter of fact it proved less 
than two days. Orders were received on the morning of 
May 15th just before noon. The Motor Battalion, Co. 
G of the Horsed Battalion, and most of the detachments 
would proceed immediately on board tlie U. S. S. Minnesotan 
with eight officers, the other companies would remain in camp 
until the following day. The ink was hardly dry on this 
order before another came for Co. E and Co. F with the 
Headquarters Detachment Horsed Battalion and all the re- 
maining officers to proceed on board tlie U. S. S. Shoshone. 

Early the following morning the Minnesotan moved out 
from the pier and put to sea. The Shoshone followed in the 
late afternoon. 

The rest of the story is soon told. The trip across was 
rough and there was much seasickness, but little to break 
the routine and monotony of tlie slow voyage. The Shoshone 
docked at Philadelphia on the first of June and the troops 
on board went to Camp Dix, N. J., for demobilization. The 
Minnesotan docked at Charleston, S. C, two days before 
and the troops on this boat went to Camp Jackson. 

It was a time of wild excitement when land was first seen 
and all knew that their dream had come true. 

The details of the demobilization can be left to the im- 
agination of the reader, but it is sufficient to say that in a 
short space of time the movements of the machinery which 
had worked to produce first-class soldiers from these men 
had been reversed and they were soon speeding towards their 
various homes to be first-class citizens. 

The old Regiment is no more. Its members are scattered 



Home Again 75 

through the states, but the spirit lives on and will continue 
to do so until the last surviving member goes "west." 



MEN OF THE MOTOR BATTALION 
AMMUNITION TRAIN 

They go to work when others go to bed, 
These men who handle motors for the Train, 

They track through field and wood, 

Hauling shells for Heinie's food. 
To be shot into his alimental brain. 

There are man}'^ things can happen to a truck, 

As it coughs its way through darkness black as pitch; 

A differential strips. 

Or a fickle clutch band slips, 
Or a breaking knuckle puts you in a ditch. 

The carburetor float may spring a leak, 

Or a spark plug hap to miss its rhythmic fire. 

Perhaps water's in the juice. 

Or a wrist pin may work loose, 
A short circuit may develop in a wire. 

Then there's too the vicious, crafty, cruel Hun 
Who drops his gas and shrapnel shells around. 

It's no job for watery veins, 

But for men of blood and brains. 
Trucking ammunition over gun-swept ground. 

So here's to driver, his assistant and the crew, 
Their mothers may be proud of these they bore. 



76 History of the SOJf,tli Ammunition Tram 

They are doing well their bit 
To make the world a fit 
And decent place to live in, evermore. 

Capt. John D. Fearhake, 
Co. D, 304th Am. Train. 

Headquarters, 79th Division, 
A. E. F., France, May 8, 1919. 

General Order 
No. 29 

EXTRACT 

Par. 8. For gallantry in action and meritorious serv- 
ices the following citations are published for the information 
of the command: 

Captain Parker R. Skinner, Company G, 304th Ammuni- 
tion Train. This officer was in command of Company G, 
304th Ammunition Train, during the Argonne Offensive 
September 26th to 30th, and by his services was of consid- 
erable aid in the convoy and delivery of ammunition to the 
front line areas, performing his services under enemy fire. 

Captain Harold B. Charos, Company A, 304th Ammuni- 
tion Train. This officer rendered conspicuous service in 
command of his company, both in the Troyon sector and 
in the offensive operation of the Division on the east bank 
of the Meuse north of Verdun. He was conspicuous by his 
service under fire in the Bois de Forges west of Consenvoye 
when he personally supervised the convoy and delivery of 
ammunition under heavy fire. He also rendered valuable 
service in the last few days of hostilities when he followed 
up the infantr}' through Crepion and Etraye with his con- 
voy. He is an officer of great dependability and loyalty. 



Home Again 77 

Sergeant John C. Frame, # 769606, Company G, 304th 
Ammunition Train. This soldier rendered conspicuous serv- 
ice under enemy fire in the offensive operations of the Di- 
vision October 28th to November 11th, 1918, on the east 
bank of the Meuse, particularly in the sector east of Bra- 
bant-sur-Meuse, where he was instrumental in the convoy 
and delivery of ammunition. 

By command of Major Genei-al Kuhn: 

Paul T. Hayne, Jr., 
Colonel, General Staff, 

Chief of Staff. 
Official : 

R. VanHoevenbeeg, 
Major, U. S. A., 
Div. Adjutant. 

Company G, SOith Ammunition Train, 
American Expeditionary Force, 
France, March 24th, 1919. 
To THE Men of Company G: 

I was much pleased to receive the attached letter from 
Lt. Col. Charles B. Moore several days ago. It should be 
a matter great gratification to us that our humble efforts 
have met with the approval of higher authorities, and that 
we were able to do our little part in winning the World's 
War. I am publishing the letter from Lt. Col. Moore be- 
cause I realize that, without 3'^our loyal support, any ef- 
forts of mine would have been futile; and I want to take 
this opportunity to thank you all for the prompt and loyal 
manner in which you have alwaj^s obeyed my wishes and 
commands. 

Our efforts have been commended but we still have more 
to do. There are, at least, several months of dreary wait- 



78 History of the SOJ^th Ajnmunition Train 

mg before we go to our homes ; and I trust that, during 
that time, nothing will be done by any member of the com- 
pany to mar its past record. 

Parker R. Skinner, 
Captain, U. S. Army, Commanding. 
A true copy 
P. R. S. 

HEADQUARTERS FIRST ARMY, 
AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. 

First Section, G. S. 

15 February, 1919. 
FROM: Lt. Col. Charles B. Moore, G. S., G-1 Sect., First 
Army (G-1, 79th Division, during period covered 
in this report). 
TO : Capt. Parker Ringel Skinner, Co. G, 304th Amm. 

Tr. (Inf.). 
SUBJECT: Meritorious Services rendered Sept. 25th & 
26th, 1918. 

1. I wish to express to you my appreciation of the serv- 
ices rendered by you on the 25th and 26th of September, 
1918, in connection with the splendid work accomplished 
by you and your company in establishing forward ammuni- 
tion dumps, preparatory to and during the Argonne-Meuse 
offensive, and assistance rendered in building a road suitable 
for the tanks to pass across No Man's Land on the 26th 
Sept. 

2. I regret that I did not have an opportunity of writing 
you while I was still General Staff Officer No. 1 of the 79th 
Division or while the 79th Division was still a part of the 
First Army. I wish, however, to make a matter of record 
your services rendered, which were as follows : 



Home Agam 79 

You were untii'ing in your efforts in operating the 40 
cm. tram between Camp des Civils to the main road near 
Avocourt, during the day and night of Sept. 25th and by 
these efforts enabled the Munitions Officer to have an ample 
supply of small arms ammunition, in the forward dump at 
that place, for the offensive of 26th Sept. 

I wish to especially commend you and the men working 
under you, who, on the 26th Sept., after working continu- 
ously during the preceding twenty-four hours, went with- 
out hesitation to assist in building a road across No Man's 
Land through Malancourt woods, thus enabling the tanks 
supporting the 79th Division to push through these woods. 
By your efforts and the efforts of the men under you, you 
were able to prepare a path which enabled the tanks to 
pass through and clean up the machine-gun nests which had 
been holding up the advance of the troops of the 79th Di- 
vision during the forenoon. 

Charles B. Moore. 
A true copy 

P. R. S. 



COMPANY A 

THE men from which Co. A was later organized came 
to Camp Meade, Md., Sept. W, 1917, from the Chester 
Local Draft Boards No. One and No. Two. 

Their first impressions of Meade were not at all pleasing 
as they hiked through the streets of the camp through deep 
sand and past rows of unfinished wooden barracks. After 
what seemed a very long hike they arrived at Barracks C 26. 
This, they were informed, was to be their home. They were 
soon assigned to bunks ; bed sacks were distributed, and 
they were shown how to fill these from the pile of straw in 
the yard. Later they were marched to C 28 for supper. 
The least said about that supper the better, except that 
none partook very heartily of it. After returning to their 
barracks they spent the remainder of the evening trying to 
pack away their belongings in an orderly way, which was 
somewhat of a task, for there were no racks nor nails to 
hang them on. Most of the men turned in early, weary 
with the day's experiences. 

The next day was spent in cleaning up the straw and 
leaves from the company parade ground. When this was 
finished they were given the rest of the da3' to themselves, 
which most of the men spent in driving nails on the walls 
of the barracks to take the place of hooks. 

On the third day the company was organized. They 
were lined up in company front, and re-arranged into squads. 
The company was now known as Co. A, with Neals as Acting 
Top Sgt. and Lt. Gibson as commanding officer, with Lt. 
Williams attached. They were then marched to the drill 

80 



Company A. 81 

field and spent the morning in pulling weeds and clearing 
the field. It was Saturday, so there was no drilling in the 
afternoon nor the following day. 

Monday morning they were taken to the infirmary and 
inoculated. They had been warned by one or two regular 
army men in the company that the after effects would be 
terrible and all went in fear and trembling. However, none 
found it as severe as anticipated, although all had sore 
arms for a day or two. 

They now began their regular drilling in earnest. Every 
morning they had physical exercises for a half hour, and 
it was amusing to those in the rear rank to see the antics 
of some in the front row. At first none could execute the 
drills in cadence. Then they would be given a short rest 
and begin tlie close order drills. Here again the wildest 
confusion prevailed when an order was given. However, 
the officers were patient and the men anxious to learn, so 
they were soon able to execute the orders in a satisfactory 
way. 

About a week after the arrival of the men in camp, Capt, 
Andrews took command of the company. The men at first 
thought that he was very "hard boiled," although in jus- 
tice to him it must be said that while he was very stern, he 
was also fair and ready at all times to fight for justice for 
his men. He did not stay long, however, and Lt, Gibson 
was again placed in command of the company. 

Early in October the company moved to V 3, where their 
numbers were augmented by the arrival of a number of 
men from the 17th Training Battalion. The company now 
numbered about 100 men. Drilling now continued each 
clear day out on the drill field and every stormy day was 
spent in the mess hall listening to lectures. 

Every pleasant Sunday brought a host of visitors to camp 



82 History of the 304th Ammtmition Tram 

and the grounds resembled a huge picnic. Here and there 
a bevy of friends and relatives were gathered around one 
or more rookies. Lunch time found them with home goodies 
spread out in some shady nook. 

They now received all their uniforms, but not rifles. The 
drilling was done with sticks in place of guns. 

Thanksgiving day arrived at last and the lucky 25 per 
cent, were given three-day passes to go home. The com- 
pany had an excellent dinner that day for those left behind. 
There was plenty of turkey with all the fixings. Thanks 
are due to Mess Sgt. Conn and the cooks who remained on 
duty all the night before preparing it. 

Football weather came now, and many an exciting game 
was played on that field just above the "Y" with teams 
from other regiments. 

All were now given Krag Jorgensen rifles and ba^'onets 
and began bayonet practice with aiming and sighting drills. 

Christmas was now fast approaching and each one hoped 
that he would be one of the lucky men to land a five-day 
pass, enabling him to spend the holidays at home. Again 
25 per cent, of the company left. The ones who failed to 
receive a pass felt rather blue, but still had a pleasant time, 
as all received boxes of presents from home and the dinner 
was a great spread. 

Early in January they moved to W 12. There Capt. 
Cannon took command of the compan}^ and Lt. Beasley 
joined them soon afterwards. 

The weather was now often stormy, with much snow on 
the ground, so most of the time was spent in the mess hall 
listening to lectures. The trucks began arriving in Feb- 
ruary and the time was then divided between drills, lectures, 
and demonstrations on the trucks. As the weather improved 
they began taking long runs into the country. It was 



Company A. 83 

amusing and oftentimes surprising to learn all the tricks of 
which those Quads were capable. They behaved for all the 
world like "cantankerous" mules. They ran forward, backed 
into the men, kicked and ran away with them when they 
were least expecting it. However, the men finally learned 
to operate them in a more or less satisfactory manner. 

Easter Sunday found them working, putting trucks to- 
gether, greasing wheels, painting letters, etc. Rumors had 
begun to reach them of an early departure for France and 
the work was pushed feverishly. The company now only 
numbered about half its rated strength, as many transfers 
had been made to other divisions about to sail for France. 

On July -ith a number of men from various aviation 
schools were transfered to the Regiment. Co. A, in fact 
all the companies in the Train, were brought up to full 
strength. They now began tlie final packing in preparation 
for the trip overseas. Everything was hustle and bustle 
about the Regiment. Finally all was packed and ready to 
move and on July I'ith they marched to Admiral station 
and boarded the train for Philadelphia, where they em- 
barked on the Haverford. The details of this trip are given 
in another chapter of this book (Chap. IV, Part I). 

At Le Havre, France, Company A and Company B were 
detached from the other companies and remained behind 
as they left for the south. On the 8th they boarded 
the famous side-door pullmans marked "40 Hommes — 8 
Chevaux," which were to play so important a part in their 
future, and on the 11th they detrained at Maatz. From 
there they marched to the little town of Rivieres-le-Bois, 
where they were billeted in an old chateau and learned that 
they would finish their training there. 

The drilling now began in earnest, with gas mask drill 
for an hour each day. 



84 History of the SOJpth Ammunition Train 

On Sept. 9th they left Rivieres-le-Bois and hiked to 
Maatz, where they boarded box cars, and on the 10th ar- 
rived at Lever. From there they marched to Lisle-en- 
Rigault, a long and tiresome march through a heavy down- 
pour of rain. 

Late on the night of the 14th they left for the front in 
a convoy of trucks driven by French Chinese coolies, and 
the next day about 11 a. m. arrived in a wood near Dom- 
basle. From this wood they moved to another one just 
above the town. It was there that the "Flu" first attacked 
them. A large number of men were evacuated to hospitals. 
On the 25th, because of repeated sheUings from the Boche, 
they left the wood and moved to Jouey, a small town about 
three kilometers from Dombasle. 

It was at Jouey that their first real action began. The 
trucks were kept constantly in action, hauling all kinds of 
light combat ammunition from the rail head at Dombasle 
to the Argonne front. After the big drive of Sept. 25th 
began they found road conditions terrible and it sometimes 
required as long as five days for a convoy to reach the am- 
munition dumps at the front and return. 

November 4th found them moving from Jouey to the 
Monthairon woods back of Souilly. Here they had little 
to do except to clean equipment and rest. On the 11th they 
left the wood for Ambley. Here again the}' were busy haul' 
ing hand grenades and rifle equipment to the St. Mihiel 
front. 

The 25th of October found them at Dugny. It was there 
that their hardest work began, hauling ammunition from 
the magazines at Verdun to different sectors of the ]\Ieuse 
front, although they found road conditions much better on 
this front that on the Montfaucon sector. 

After the Armistice of Nov. 11th they were kept busy 



Company A. 85 

for some time moving ammunition still farther forward, as 
it was evident that the troops must still keep a close watch 
on Fritz. 

On Dec. 2nd they moved to Thierville just outside of 
Verdun and remained until Dec. 21, when they hiked to 
Ecurey, a town northwest of Verdun. On the 27th they 
left Ecurey and after a two-day hike through the rain ar- 
rived at Souilly. Here they stayed until April 2nd and 
then went to Andelot. On April 21st they left Andelot, 
hiked to Rimaucourt and boarded the train for Nantes. 
After a short stay at Pont-Rousseau, a suburb of Nantes, 
they boarded the train for St. Nazaire and embarked on the 
U. S. transport Minnesotan for home. 



COMPANY B 

COMPANY "B" was organized on September 24, 1917, 
in Barracks No. C 26, with Capt. Walter L. Hitt, then 
llegimental Adjutant, commanding; Lt. Robt. Cresswell, Lt. 
Thomas M. Montgomery and forty men from Chester, Penn- 
sylvania. On October 3rd they moved to Barracks No. 
VIO, where men from District No. 45 of Philadelphia and 
District No. 1 of Montgomery County, Pa., joined them. 

Here the intensive training started which never ceased, 
training that brought about a spirit that was hard to beat, 
a spirit that was carried into everything, work and play 
alike. This was interrupted for a few days because of the 
move to Barracks W 113, but not again thereafter until 
the time of sailing for "over there.'" 

Frequent transfers out of the company lowered its 
strength until in the Spring of 1918 there were but 46 men 
in the organization, including "non-coms." These trans- 
fers of men were to divisions throughout the country that 
were ready to sail and needed a few trained men to complete 
their quotas. At one time ten men were selected for trans- 
fer. The day before entraining one of these was found to 
be unable to go. This occasioned no delay because of the 
spirit of "Jimmy" Hogan of Philadelphia, who, upon learn- 
ing that a man was needed, offered to go. 

Although not an infantry organization, infantry drill 
was the dominating factor. And it was not uncommon for 
"B" to be mentioned for excellence in drills, bayonet work, 
open order, etc. 

Sports were frequent, baseball being the most popular. 
"B" won the regimental championship after many a hard 

86 



Company B. 87 

played game, and also the Championship of the Divisional 
Trains and Military Police. The consistently good work 
of the principal battery, Pitcher Rudy and Catcher Mc- 
Nernie, not only won these flags but also a release from 
some extra duties. Thereon hangs a tale. It was the final 
Regimental game. Tiie excitement was intense, when the 
First Sergeant yelled to the pitcher, "Win this and you're 
a free man." He won ! 

In the early Spring of 1918 the first trucks were re- 
ceived. Then a happy relief entered into the lives of the 
men. For who would not rather ride than drill on a hot, 
dusty field? Those who could not drive were taught. Fun? 
Indeed yes. If a "school" of trucks went out and none 
entered a ditch, it was thought that the pupils did not drive. 
If a truck returned showing signs that it had tried to climb 
a tree, well, it might be blamed on — oh, anybody. Our 
trips, or runs, were according to the training schedule, called 
Hikes, but what's in a name? 

Weber, at that time a learner, was the most daring. It 
was of small consequence to him what was in his way, a 
wagon, a pole, a tree — they were all alike to him. How- 
ever, occasionally some of the obstacles objected which 
caused a little bucking and twisting and, at times, a detour. 
That, of course, was immaterial. 

July 4th saw the company filled up to full strength with 
men from every part of the country. July 11th its com- 
plement consisted of Capt. Walter L. Hitt, commanding; 
Capt. Robert H. Gustaf son, attached ; Lt. Albert H. Sadler, 
and 146 men. 

The last night in camp, July 13th, was one of revelry 
and joy; the men were glad to go. The old "46" had been 
waiting almost ten months and now at last the time had 
come. There were many friends and relatives in camp to 



88 History of the 304th Ammunition Train 

bid the men God-speed and tears were not uncommon on the 
faces of wives, mothers, sisters, and sweethearts, tears of 
joy perhaps at being able to give one man for the great 
cause. There was the old-time snake dance around the 
Regimental Parade Ground, the station and barracks with 
wild songs. If the officers had not cautioned sleep the party 
would have continued throughout the night. 

Early morning, July 14th, after the almost sleepless night, 
and days of hard and anxious preparations, came the de- 
parture for Philadelphia and the leave-taking from Lt. Sad- 
ler, who was transfered to the Depot Brigade. The same 
day the regiment sailed for "over there." That last look 
at "Phillie" and the fast receding shore brought many a 
lump to the men's throats, who knew but what it might be 
for the last time? 

The trip over had its share of drills, rest, and fun. Cer- 
tain drills occasioned amusement in spite of their serious 
purpose, especially the emergency calls. "Fresh" biscuits 
were carried in the cartridge belts (biscuits which were prob- 
ably baked for the Civil War but not used then). Concern- 
ing these a lad remarked, "If the Huns get us, we can ask 
them to have tea." 

The sleeping berths were hammocks, made of one piece of 
canvas held at the ends by short ropes. They made fairly 
good sleeping places if you did not fall out. There were 
not enough, however, for every man, so, once secured, they 
must be carefully guarded. Nix, on the second day out, 
"lost" his five times, but the situation improved, the follow- 
ing day he lost it but twice! 

The food compared favorably with an old, much-used, but 
seldom cleaned garbage can ; the coffee, many of the men 
insisted, was made of water and the cook's shirt, and no one 
saw him change it on the whole trip. All the food was 




COMPANY B., CAPT. WALTER L. HITT, COMMANDING 




COMPANY C, CAPT. JOHN B. THAYER, COMMANDING 



Company B. 89 

served in bulk to each table, the first was rushed for in true 
army style, the rest rushed from. 

After the trip through England and across the channel 
to Le Havre, the regiment split, Companies A and B re- 
maining there in camp. After three days in camp they left 
for the Divisional training area, via the route of "40 hommes 
or 8 chevaux" to Maatz. At Is-sur-Tille they received their 
first gas masks with instructions in their use. Detraining 
at Maatz they marched six kilometers under a broiling sun 
to Rivieres-le-Bois, their billeting town. Here the drilling 
started again in earnest. What with a steep hill to go up 
and down morning and afternoon under a broiling sun the 
work was, well, work ! And with reveille at 5 a. m., war was 
sure as Sherman put it. 

Conveniences.'' There were none. The bathhouse was the 
creek in the valley, fed by springs and cold as ice. A good 
remedy for a good night! But the grind back up hill was 
such as to make one wish for another. No, not a night, 
but a bath. 

August 15th was pay day and francs were plentiful. 
The question was what was to be done with them? Money 
was made to be spent and what soldier doesn't spend it? 
But how? Eggs, perhaps, and "Vin Blanc," "Vin Rouge," 
and "Bubbling water." Why not these? There was little 
else then that one could do with his pay except play that 
noble game of "throwing the bones" with the battle cry of 
"Read 'em and weep" ! This, however, wasn't really spend- 
ing it, as it did not leave the company. This left plenty 
of francs with the men who soon after put it into a fund 
that returned to them an additional franc for each one put 
it. It was in this manner: On August 20th the three com- 
panies (G having lately joined the detachment) went to the 
rifle range. At first there was considerable inter-company 



90 History of the SOJ^tli Ammunition Train 

competition and wagering. Wechsler kept Healy supplied 
with eggs for at least three days. Along towards the end 
of the period a match was arranged between A and B com- 
panies, the men having the highest individual score being 
the contestants. Wagoner John li. Ponder was to shoot 
for "B." The "fund" was offered to the opposing company, 
terms even money, collect on announcement of score. John 
L. maintained the reputation of "B." In another com- 
petition Corp. Martin Thus upheld the usual "B" standard. 

Capt. Hitt was taken sick at this time and sent to a hos- 
pital. He returned but was still ill and unable to resume 
all his duties. 

On Aug. 28, ten men were sent to Vaux to practice auto- 
mobile driving with the 304th Div. Supply Train. A few 
hours after their return on Sept. 7th a convoy of trucks 
drove into town. It was pouring rain and as dark as an 
ace of spades. Fifteen men were called out and ordered to 
pack up and drive the trucks ! Strange trucks, stranger 
roads, no lights and no idea of their destination. It was 
not to the "front," however, but near there. The trip was 
to transport an infantry regiment of the division within 
hiking distance of their position in the lines. Their work 
kept them away until Sept. 16th. 

Sept. 8th the orders were received to move. Fifteen min- 
utes later they began to march. It was a forced march, as 
they were expected to start loading engineer equipment 
on board trains at Maatz at 2:00 p. m. They reached 
there three minutes before that, pitched "pup" tents in a 
newly-ploughed field of mud, and then it started raining. 
Immediately after the tents were up the company was 
formed and marched to the freight yards. They worked 
like Trojans until almost 7 p. m., when "a kind of a supper" 
was handed out. They were told to get as much rest as 



Company B. 91 

they could, as they would be called out again at midnight. 
REST in a pup tent, pitched in mud, and leaky! But 
most of them did. Promptly at 12 midnight they were 
called again and another train loaded. They quit at 5 :30, 
rested a short while and then at it again until 2 p. m. 
There was pouring rain all the time, men wet and hungry, 
equipment and blankets soaked. At 5 :30 p. m. they boarded 
the train en route for "up there." The cars leaked, it was 
cold and the wind howled through what seemed to be hun- 
dreds of cracks in every car. The following morning at 
3 :30 A. M. they arrived at Revigny, rolled out and lined up 
on a side road until a few minutes past 8 a. m. During the 
wait they were given a treat by the "Y" of a small box of 
chocolates and two packages of small cakes. They left 
Revigny and hiked to Lisle-en-Rigault, a distance of just 
seventeen and one-half American miles, and raining harder 
every minute. Packs weighed down like lead. 

At the town of Robert-de-Espagne, more than half the 
distance, they stopped for one of those ten-minute rests. 
Water filled the streets from curb to curb, ankle deep. 
There was no place to sit down, so "B" just stood and ren- 
dered a few songs, appropriate ones such as "There's a Hole 
in the Bottom of the Sea" and "She's a Lulu." This was 
to show that there was still pep in those tired and hungry 
bodies. 

Soon after this they reached their destination and were 
assigned to their various lofts and stables. Packs were un- 
rolled at once for the purpose of changing to dry under- 
clothes and Blue Denims. But only a few men had dry ones. 
Those men who had only one pair of shoes with them re- 
sorted to a queer scheme. A lad saw some French slippers 
made of canvas with cord soles. He invested in a pair and 
appeared on the streets wearing them, a suit of Blue denims 



92 History of the 304^th Ammunition Train 

and a denim hat ! The store that sold those slippers soon 
said "fini"! 

The day after their arrival Sgt. Frank McAllen, right 
guide of the company, fell sick with the Spanish Flu, at 
that time flourishing around the world. This soon turned 
to pneumonia. It was necessary to remove him to a hos- 
pital and when he left there wasn't a man in the outfit who 
wouldn't have done his all for him. His absence was surely 
felt and many men missed old "Admiral Von," as they called 
him. 

It was at this place that they established a record for 
a "light" meal. On Sept. 12 they had for supper one po- 
tato, one piece of bread and one box of matches. 

Lt. Robert S. Prosser was taken ill at this time and 
evacuated to a hospital. 

Early September 14th packs were again rolled and prep- 
arations made for leaving. At 6:30 p. m. the companies 
(A, B, and G) formed and marched to the main street, 
there to await the trucks that were to convey them "for- 
ward." It was nearly 4 a. m. before the "transports" came, 
Camions the French call them, driven by Indo Chinese. 
These carried the men to Blercourt. They arrived there 
while an air battle was in progress between some American 
and German planes. The company unloaded in a hurry 
and "beat it" for the woods near by. They left at 8 p. m. 
and marched to billets in the St. Pierre woods. Sleep was 
indeed welcomed, but the next day everyone was O. K. again. 
The day was spent cleaning camp preparing for a long stay. 
But that was not to be. About 9 p. m., Sept. 16th, orders 
were received to pack up and be ready to move at a min- 
ute's notice. In a short time all men were ready and lined 
up; all that was needed was the word to go. As that did 
not soon come, the men were permitted to break ranks and 



Company B. 93 

lie around. Ten o'clock came and so did "Jerry" with his 
bombing planes. Without warning there was an explosion 
and a flash, and a rush for dugouts and trench shelters. 
A few seconds later there was another. It was the com- 
pany's first time under fire and, as some expressed it later, 
they were "a bit nervous." Sgt, Healy, Corp. Smith, and 
Harris were lying in front of one of the dugouts. They 
made a dash for it, but Healy won by a length. He made 
an "Annette Kellerman" for the entrance and made it. 
His dive upset the wire camouflage, and Smith, in his rapid 
descent, hung himself by the chin. 

The men had been wearing their steel derbies. Chandler 
lost his and in his hurried attempt to find it lost his head. 
Not really, though. Cook Curto was lying on the upper bunk 
of a double-decker. Instead of climbing down, he dashed 
over the bunks, out the door and tried going through a tree. 
It stopped him! In another dugout there must have been 
some garbage^ — one man yelled "Gas !" Imagine a hot, 
musty, crowded hole in the ground and every man trj'ing 
to put on that mask of his ! But there was no damage to 
the detachment. 

About 2 A. M. they left the St. Pierre Woods and moved 
by trucks still farther forward. At 3 :15 a. m. they landed 
in the Foret de Hesse, in the Argonne, directly in the rear 
of the American and French artiller}', which was support- 
ing the "lines" in that sector. Getting out of the trucks 
they were told to make no lights, and make themselves 
comfortable. Comfortable ! It was so dark one couldn't see 
ten feet into those woods. But comfortable meant sleep, so 
feeling around for a soft spot each man untied his blanket 
and turned in. But not for long. A few minutes past 6 
o'clock it began to rain and gently awakened all. 

Looking around they saw that they were then on the east 



94 History of the 304,th Ammunition Train 

side of the road in what was an old French Headquarters. 
Dugouts were scattered everywhere and well camouflaged. 
A section was apportioned to "B" and each man selected his 
home. There were two kinds of places to sleep, damp dug- 
outs or the ground — and it was still raining! 

On Sept. 19th there came a little split. Spanish Influ- 
enza broke out in the other companies. This caused "B" 
to be moved to the west side of the road, where there was 
no protection of any kind. And the noise up front getting 
noisier! The men scattered within the given area, pitched 
tents and shelters as best they could ; a kitchen was put up 
and camouflaged and mess started. 

And then the "Flu" hit "B." From September 19th to 
October 1st thirty-four men were sent to the hospital, three 
of whom died. These were Corp. Amos E. Dieter, Chester, 
Pa.; Cook Leonard J. Stange, Philadelphia, Pa., and Wag- 
oner Sam A. Sharley, Athens, Ga. Wagoner Morgan re- 
ported to the doctor one morning for some C. C.'s. The 
doctor looked at him and said, "You're sick, hospital." In 
spite of protests, he was tagged and sent. When he re- 
turned some time later he said his objections lasted but a 
short while. He had a fine time ! 

On September 19th a few trucks were issued the com- 
pany, not actually but on paper with directions in what 
ditch to find them. After one was gotten out the rest was 
easy. All that was needed to be done was to borrow, beg, 
or salvage some cable or rope and large pulleys and then 
enter the rigging game. All seven were pulled up to the 
truck park within a day and then the party started. A 
few days were spent in putting them in running order — 
without any tools. Diversion in between times consisted in 
listening to the roar of the guns, which were continually 
increasing their fire, or listening to the shells sailing over- 



Company B. 95 

head, or watching the air battles. It was frequently neces- 
sary to "duck" falling shrapnel from anti-aircraft shells. 
You see, the gunners were particular about where they sent 
their shots into the air, but not about where the shells 
landed ! 

Sunday, Sept. 22nd, at 4:00 p. m., the trucks left the 
camp for their first real haul. At last it had come — real 
work. Work that made hauling through Avocourt, Malan- 
court, Esnes, and Montfaucon anything but a joy ride. 
And you who know the history of these places may easily 
see why. The trip was to the town of Lemmes, where all 
the trucks (there was 17 from both A and B, in charge of 
Lt. Skinner) were loaded, each one with 60 boxes of 30-30 
Rifle ammunition. They pulled out on to the road and 
proceeded slowly toward the lines in convoys. They trav- 
elled very slowly, as it would never do for Fritzie's planes 
to find 1,224,000 rounds of ammunition on the way toAvards 
them. 

At dark they reached the road north of Dombasle, where 
they were to be met by either Lt. Skinner or the Divisional 
Ammunition Officer. It was pitch dark, the road was 
crowded with several regiments of artillery, hundreds of 
trucks, caisons and wagons. Broadway, New York, or 
Chestnut St., Philadelphia, had nothing on that road. Lt. 
Skinner was delayed at the dump because another group of 
trucks was late. No one knew the Ammunition Officer, and 
if they did, who could pick him out when one couldn't see 
ten yards.'' The M. P. on the road was cursing in true 
style ; he and we and everybody else would be blown up ; 
Fritzie knew the road and was expected at any minute. 
Sgt. Wechsler, senior non-com present, took charge and took 
a chance. He had the trucks draw over as far as possible 
to the side of the road, then he and Mechanic Lemry felt 



96 History of the SOI^th Ammunition Train 

"pi^ir way down tlie road to a Brigade headquarters and a 
telephone. After many minutes' delay the Am. Officer's P. C. 
was located. They explained the predicament and were told 
that the Ammunition Officer was on the same road looking 
for them. Well, that was a good one. He or they had to 
find the other on one of the most congested roads in France. 
But by good luck it was done. Wechsler and Lemry were 
in the middle of the road, dodging hoofs and wheels and 
trying to find a man neither had ever seen before. A few 
minutes later a motor cycle, driven by a "Yank" who was 
t9,king a chance on speed, stopped within a few inches of 

them. "Who is that.?" "Mr. ," was the reply. 

"Well, I'm d glad of that," jvas Wechsler's remark. 

The divisional dump had not been selected as yet, so or- 
ders were given to return to camp and remain in readiness 
to pull out at a moment's notice. The men were wet, hun- 
gry, and several sick, for the "Flu" was getting in its work. 

At 1 :00 A. M. on the 23rd the Ammunition Officer re- 
turned and orders began to fly. In a few minutes the trucks 
were on their wa^' to unload at the established dump. For- 
tunately Fritizie wasn't doing much that night, for not a 
shot came that way. But they had visions of them, for it 
was their first trip up. 

Gas alarms were now becoming quite frequent, but only 
at night. The first caused many a heart to stop for a mo- 
ment, and many a rifle to be fired. That was because there 
was no other means of alarm. During one "attack" a voice 
was heard moaning and crying, "I'm gassed, I'm dying!" 
But upon investigation the lad wasn't gassed nor dying. 
There was no gas, and he had his nose clip in his mouth. 
Sgt. Eckels reported having inhaled a large dose, of what 
couldn't be discovered unless it was the odor from the kitchen 
garbage. 



Company B. 97 

Early morning, Sept. 24, orders were received to move 
still farther forward the ammunition carried up the day be- 
fore. At noon four trucks, two from A Co. and two from 
B Co., Avere sent out. Four trucks to move seventeen truck- 
loads. But it was done and without a casualty. And on 
that afternoon more than one piece of shell was heard to 
whistle within a few feet of the men's heads. 

Lt. Col. Miller and Sgt. Wechsler had a narrow escape 
on this trip. They had gone ahead to select a suitable 
place for the "dump." While looking around in a deserted 
valley, immediately in the rear of the main line of defense, 
a couple of Jerry's 77's exploded a few hundred feet from 
tliem. A French officer came running down waving his arms 
and shouting excitedly. He rushed up and informed the 
(^olonel that he was in a very dangerous position, in direct 
observation of the Germans. The dump was not established 
there ! 

About 11 p. M. the move was made and all trucks sent 
back but one. Another convo}^ was due there and had to 
be directed to the new dump. After a while Lt. Skinner 
came along on a motor cycle with word that the loaded 
trucks were just back of him. Pat McClory cranked his 
car, the one which had remained behind, and made ready to 
take the Lieutenant up. He was offered the seat, but re- 
fused, saying he could ride the body. It was pitch dark, 
the road was a blur for about twenty feet, and ahead of 
that nothing could be seen but darkness. But Pat had been 
over it at least six times in as many hours and — well, the 
Lieutenant asked for the seat coming back! You see, Pat 
was hungry and wanted to get home. There were no speed 
limits. 

The starting of the drive did not mean the end of their 
work. Rather it signified the beginning of a harder, steady 



98 History of the SOJfth Ammunition Train 

grind. And a truck unloaded did not mean a return to 
camp — there were wounded to bring back to the rear, and 
then more trips. 

On September 26th, twenty-five men were sent out on a 
salvage detail. And from all reports it was an awful task. 
Following the advancing troops over shot-up ground, 
through fire and everything else that goes to make war hell, 
it was rough. And yet there was humor. Corporal Smith 
saw a pair of boots protruding from a water-filled shell- 
hole. After several hard pulls he got them out and a dead 
Boche. There was little or no food for these men on "Sal- 
vage." They had to rustle for ever}^ bit of it. Clark said 
he got his first meal on the afternoon of the 29th ! This 
work continued on up to the middle of October, but not for 
all the men. As some got real hungry — remember, there 
was no food and no one to see that they got it — they 
came in. 

It was haul, haul, haul from the beginning of the drive 
to the end. It did not matter where they were billeted. In 
Jouey-en-Argonne, where Whittle actually ducked machine- 
gun bullets from an airplane; in the Bois de Monthairon, 
where no one had to duck an3'thing but details ; in Ambly, 
and finally on the Meuse canal, near Dugny. 

Sept. 27th the "Admiral Von" McAllen returned to the 
company. 

On the 29tli four trucks went up through Montfaucon 
with ammunition. They came back after three days and 
nights with no sleep, no eats other than reserve rations 
salvaged from dead men's packs, with rainwater to drink. 
They were wet through and covered with mud and grime. 
This was but a sample of the details. Some were better, 
many worse. And many a driver was hurried out on a new 
trip before he had time to say, "I'm back." 



Company B. 99 

October 7th a convoy of trucks went to a large "dump" 
south of Commercy for infantry ammunition that was to be 
taken to the lines then held by the 79th in the Troyon sec- 
tor, near St. Mihiel. The trip down was a treat, for it gave 
them new country to see and it was not raining then. They 
loaded and started back after nightfall, but it had become 
so dark one could not see fifteen feet. Campbell's truck, 
loaded with 3,500 grenades, was struck by a speeding French 
truck on a narrow street in Commercy. The only damage 
was a ripped hub cap and feelings, for you know it is no 
"ice cream" feeling to have that many death-dealing "eggs" 
bumped when they are under you. The darkness prevented 
the trip being made that night. A halt was made at Lerou- 
ville and the trucks parked in close formation in front of 
the station. One shell or bomb would have blown up the 
convoy and the whole town, but, of course, none hit. 

The following day they proceeded without mishap to their 
destination over one of the worst shot-up areas in France, 
that section northeast of St. Mihiel. While unloading, 
"Big" Mays permitted a box of fifty hand grenades to 
slide through his arms and strike the earth. Describe his 
feelings .f* Impossible! To cap the climax, only forty-nine 
could be found, and they were working all around that spot ! 
But the usual "B" luck was there and no catastrophe fol- 
lowed. 

It was becoming more difficult each day to keep all the 
trucks on the road. They were all old and worn. There 
were no tools or spare parts. But, notwithstanding these 
difficulties, A and B received an enviable reputation, that of 
maintaining a larger percentage of trucks on the road than 
an3^ other ammunition train in the sector. 

On October 14th Sgt. McAllen was sent with five trucks 
to the Train engineers to haul rock. The ammunition sup- 



100 History of the 304-th Ammunition Train 

ply was all transported and while resting the trucks hauled 
rock. It was a gay place, there east of Le Esparges, 
Vaux, and St, Remy. And gassy? Wh}', Fritzie had the 
wind in his favor almost every day for a month, and he 
used it. McNernie, Lemry, "Long Distance" Giles and sev- 
eral others came in one night and reported the front dirty 
with a strong odor of garbage. Of course the doctor had 
to treat them, it was gas they had been inhaling. 

October 25th they got their first real taste of the life of 
the dark French Colonial troops. They moved to some 
narrow tin shacks on the main road just south of Verdun 
on the Meuse River. The colonial troops had left the day 
before. There were no bunks and no stoves, only a long 
stretch of dirt floor thickly covered with dirty, stinking 
straw, infested with cooties, mice, and other parasites. The 
shacks were not large enough to hold the company, so with- 
out much ado a canal boat anchored in front was "captured" 
and used. Here the old days of ocean travel were re-enacted. 
Submarine drill was held every night and anyone who did 
not answer his name was fined — a bottle of "vin blink." 

From this location many a memorable trip was made up 
through that never-to-be-forgotten "east of the Meuse" and 
"north of Verdun," through Chamy, Vaucherauville, Death 
Valley, over Dead Man's Hill, Crepion, Ormont Farm, 
Etraye, and up the canal to Consenvoye, Brabant, and Dun- 
sur-Meuse, and other places. Wagoner Cutshall, the only 
man in the company entitled to wear a wound chevron, re- 
ceived his shrapnel wounds in this sector. 

And it was here, near Samogneux, on Nov. 6th, that Sgt. 
McAllen and a detail of three trucks had a "pleasant" day. 
"Jerry" had blown up an ammunition dump the night be- 
fore and it had to be refilled immediately. Trucks were 
taken to the supply dumps at Verdun and loaded. Here 



Company B. 101 

A Co.'s detail joined them and all proceeded as far as 
Cliarny. It was necessary there because of the heavy ar- 
tillery fire to send only a few trucks forward at a time. 
This worked without accident and all were taken up safely. 
But on the return, misfortune hit McAllen. A French truck 
ran into his second truck and broke a steering arm. The 
Frenchie continued going and collided with the third truck, 
breaking the radiator into many pieces. Fritzie all the 
while was making things lively, and then suddenly he added 
a sneezing gas to his gifts. Mac said he "nearly sneezed his 
head off, but nobody was hurt," Once again that glad note, 
nobody hurt. 

It was raining almost constantly during these days and 
the roads were wet and slippery. A truck with solid tires 
had to be driven with more care than a touring car on a 
wet cement street. Corp. Smith, "Blimy," took one out over 
a narrow, high road with quite a sloping crown. At one 
point it narrowed until there were only a very few inches to 
spare and then came a bridge. He started sliding, but hit 
the bridge — with only the left wheels ! It took only about 
five hours to get it out. 

On November 9th the trucks had to go out as usual. The 
drivers had been working every day and were about "all in." 
It required strength and lots of it to keep a truck on those 
roads. It was decided to give them a rest and sent out a 
"non-com's special," as it was called. Every truck in the 
outfit was manned by a non-commissioned oflficer. They were 
all drivers, but had done little actual driving. The trip 
was made successfully and every truck came back in good 
shape. 

It was thought that November 11th, the day of the Armi- 
stice, would be a bad day. Big action was expected, and, 
for the first time since the companies Ment into action, a 



102 History of the 30.!f.th Ammunition Train 

doctor was sent along. First-aid packets, rifles and am- 
munition were also carried. But the precautions were not 
needed. Everything went as usual. The trucks reached 
Etraye, where the advance dump was located, and then — 
SILENCE ! No one will ever forget that silence. Not 
the silence of death, not the quiet that reigns in a home, 
nor that of forest places. But a calm, a peace such as only 
angels could bring, something indescribable and overawing. 

Great was the rejoicing in "B" that day and many were 
the francs that said they would or would not be home by 
a certain date. Thanksgiving day was given as 2 to 1 
against Christmas, New Year's, and Washington's birthday, 
all even money. And many a piece of money changed hands. 

But work did not cease with the signing of the Armistice. 
Dumps had to be moved forward and established near the 
new lines, salvage had to be hauled back, and new equip- 
ment transported up to the troops. But work now was a 
pleasure, nothing to dodge, no shells to shock you, and, if 
you had them, lights might be used at night. It was like 
touring. 

On Monday, December 2nd, they moved to Thierville, just 
north of Verdun, where they remained, working all the while, 
until the 21st, when another move was made to Ecurey, a 
village which the Boche had used as a reserve cantonment. 
About 8 p. M., Dec. 20th, the commanding officer gave 
Capt. Hitt instructions for the move of the "foot troops" 
of A and B companies. He had an excellent map and it 
was all so plain, no one could possibly miss the road. These 
troops should reach Azannes about 10:30 a. m., with only 
17 kilometers to march. 

The next morning at 6 :00 a. m. the march started, skirt- 
ing Verdun, Fort de Belleville, and Vaux. So far, very easy, 
only the country didn't look like the map. At Vaux the rail- 



Company B. 103 

road east to Bezonvaux had been shot up and no trace left, 
so, following the compass in that direction across no man's 
land they found a path running north strewn with dead 
horses which looked as though it had been a road once. 
Taking a chance, they finally camie to Bezonvaux, then went 
on to Ornes, and finally reached Azannes about 5 :00 p. m. 
One truck was found there which had lost its wa}^ so packs 
and rifles were put upon it and taken to Ecurey. Other 
trucks were sent back to pick up the men " and supper 
ordered. This was certainly the hardest hike yet made by 
tlie company. Ask Sgt. Healy. A billeting detail had been 
sent forward to prepare billets. They built a large fire in 
an open fireplace in one of the billets, when suddenly there 
was an explosion, followed immediately by another that 
sounded like a "75." The fireplace had been "loaded." The 
billeting detail went out of the windows like so many rockets, 
expecting each minute to see the walls come tumbling down. 
That did not happen, however. It was a loosely put to- 
gether job and resulted only in several broken billets and 
a ruined fireplace. 

Christmas was spent in Ecurey cleaning up the town. 
On the 27th another move was made towards Souilly. This 
also was a hike with trucks following! It rained continu- 
ously and was cold and windy. The night was spent in 
Belleville and the march concluded the following day. A 
motorized organization HIKING, with TRUCKS following 
the column at about three miles per hour ! 

The stay in Souilly was for about three months. It was 
el time of monotonous cleaning and assembling of trucks 
and hauling everything from personnel to machine-gun carts. 

When at last came the final moves to Andelot, Pont-Ros- 
seau, St. Nazaire, and the U. S. S. Minnesotan, celebrating 
was high. But it was really in effect harmless. Speaking 



104 History of the 30Jf.th Ammunition Train 

of effect, "Long Distance" was asked if he could tell the 
dift'erence between two particular kinds of drinks. His an- 
swer was that he did not drink to tell the difference, but 
for the effect ! 

'I'he trip home was monotonous and long. There were no 
drills or exercises and no lounging room. The vessel was 
an old converted "tramp" and far from a pleasure yacht. 
There was nnioh seasickness, for several days men were using 
the rails continuously day and night. And rough .^ While 
the sea did not wash the decks, it kept the ship bobbing up 
and down and rolling back and forth at the same time. 
There was considerable anmsement on the last few nights, 
boxing, pie-eating contests, finding the coin in flour contests 
and others. The K. of C. distributed on several occasions 
cigarettes, tobacco, gum and candies. The ship carried 
good "chow" and it was clean. From habit the men all 
growled about the slow speed of the Minnesotan and the 
long trip across, but there was not one but would have been 
willing to travel in a sailboat if necessary to reach home. 

"Who says we were not glad to get back.''" 



COMPANY C 



COMPANY C STAFF 



Captain, John B. Thayer, F. A. 

1st Lt., Thomas E, Vereer, Inf. 

2nd Lt., Irvin J. Hittner, Inf. 

1st Sgt., Joseph A. Golden. 

Mess Sgt., Roy W. Cramer. 

Supply Sgt., Henry Weilenmann. 

Company Clerk, Sgt. George M. Wolf. 

Gas N. Co. Corp., William J. Handschumacher. 

Truck Despatcher, Matthew J. Dalton. 

COMPANY C, one of the pioneer companies of the 
Train, during its infancy days at Camp Meade, Md., 
was not only placed on a standard basis of Organization, 
but was soon setting a pace in efficiency, discipline, work- 
manship, and athletic sports that not another company in 
the Train could at any time equal or better. This may 
sound like self-praise, but in comparing facts and the com- 
mendations C Company received from every commanding 
Officer the Regiment has had, we feel justified in a bit of 
boasting. This record, although upheld by tlie men of the 
company, we owe mostly to our Company Commanders, Cap- 
tain Leslie Carner, Captain John B. Thayer, 1st Lieuten- 
ants Harr}^ C. Bates, Thomas H. Nimick, Thomas M. Mont- 
gomery and Leigh C. Levering, whose first and last thoughts 
were always for the efficiency and welfare of the company 
in general. 

105 



106 History of the 304-th Ammunition Train 

The company, like others of the Train during its training 
days at Camp Meade, Md., through transfer and replacing 
of men, had but one-third its quota. Not until leaving for 
France was the Company filled to its war strength, with 
men from almost every state of the Union, and our staff of 
officers included Captain Carner (Pop, as he was referred 
to), 1st Lts, Harry C. Bates and Thomas M. Montgomery. 

While en route on the Haverford we discovered our Com- 
pany humorists. Wagoner Charles C. Armentrout (Here 
me) and Pvt. Rufus Clower (alias Lulu). Their witty hu- 
mor assisted greatly in keeping up the smile spirit of the 
Company, and especially so during our ten months of sol- 
diering in France. 

Through England the company events were of no great 
importance, except the "Rest Camps" (?) and beautiful 
scenery we experienced from Liverpool to Southampton re- 
minded one of a sight-seeing tour instead of travels toward 
the Front in France. 

Our Company photograph may seem odd with such a col- 
lection of mascots as the mandolin, hand-bag, and Mike- 
the-terrier, but each in turn had its prominent part during 
the company's many events. The mandolin was really an 
interlude of the company's daily duties through Camp 
Meade, Maryland, England and France. At the Front it 
earned a wound stripe, being found under a large case of 
corned willy (overseas chicken). Like a good soldier, after 
being bandaged with adhesive plaster it continued its jazzy 
strains until the day when it was laid away as a souvenir 
"de la Guerre." 1st Sgt. Joseph Golden's hand-bag also 
shared joy and abuse during its career through the States, 
England and France. Our first pay in France was carried 
in it, and it played a still more prominent part when an 
inter-social club of the company was formed at St. Leomer, 



Company C. 107 

France, the W. B. S, This social's events must remain 
secret to all but those who shared in their many good times, 
but one need not extend his imagination very far to grasp 
the significance of the W. B. S., especially in going over 
the aliases attached to each of the following members: 

"Sip 'em." 

"Premier" (never took time to sip 'em). 

"Chemise." 

"Narrow Gauge." 

"Scotty Grand Pere." 

"La Blott." 

"Double Time H." 

While at St. Leomer and La Courtine, France, we expe- 
rienced our intensive training and had men and trucks de- 
tailed to all parts of France. During one of these detailed 
motor trips to Le Havre we had our first sight of Hun aero- 
planes, and went through an air raid without a casualty. 
In the replacing of officers at this station, St. Leomer, Lt. 
Montgomery was assigned to "D" Company of the Regi- 
ment. 

La Courtine, France, we had our "Quelque Parti de 
France Dinner," a reminder of the days when our letters 
read "somewhere in France." Leaving La Courtine for the 
Front the company was divided into two sections — one sec- 
tion in command of Captain Leslie Carner bringing up our 
motor equipment and the balance and greater part of the 
company went under command of 1st Lt. Harry C. Bates 
via the route "40 Hommes and 8 Chevaux." The latter sec- 
tion of the company was the first to arrive in the theatre 
of war on November 3rd, 1918. Our motor equipment did 
not arrive in time for us to operate as an Ammunition 
Train ; therefore we were sent to Baleicourt Woods, near 
Verdun, to await orders. Remaining here until November 



108 History of the 304.th Ammunition Train 

4th, 1918, we were finally sent up to relieve a section of the 
304th Engineers at Cote du Talou, who were assisting a 
section of the French Engineers. Here we remained during 
the Meuse-Argonne Offensive until the day after signing of 
Armistice Terms, constinicting a narrow gauge railroad near 
Death Valley, burying the dead, fighting the mud and 
cooties and experiencing the occasional visits of Hun aero- 
planes. 

November 12th, 1918, we were ordered to a hill about a 
kilometer and a half about Samogneux and about 15 kilo- 
meters N. W. of Verdun, a hill we called Muddy Ridge, for 
here we did everything in Mud but eat it. Also on this day 
a section of the Company, under Captain Carner, rejoined 
us and our motor equipment was distributed among the 
other motorized units of the regiment and the division. De- 
spite the mud on this hill, in a few days the entire company 
was comfortably dug-in. The greatest comfort we enjoyed 
here was Cootie Hill, a building erected by our force of ex- 
pert carpenters from material salvaged by the company in 
the vicinity from Hun dugouts. 

The most sad event the company experienced and its only 
fatal casualty on French soil was the death of Private Amos 
M. Warfel, who on November 20th, 1918, was killed while 
working beside a road the company was repairing, almost 
directly in front of our station on Muddy Ridge. A truck 
in tow, suddenly breaking its steering control, ran off the 
road and ran directly into Warfel, killing him instantl3^ 
Such an untimely death was indeed a sad affair to the en- 
tire Company, for we were still rejoicing over the cessa- 
tion of hostilities and looking forward to that home-coming. 
We recall part of 1st Lt. Harry C. Bates' sermon at Wari 
fel's grave. "He died as nobly serving his country as our 
fallen heroes on the battle line and, instead of his return. 



Company C. 109 

we bring back memories of him and the high regard in which 
he was held by his comrades and officers and memories of 
liis grave beside the River Meuse." 

November 23rd, 1918, Captain Carner, who had been 
subject to attacks of influenza, was ordered to the 315th 
Field Hospital, Glorieux, France. A few weeks later he re- 
gained his health and was assigned to the 3rd Army Corps, 
Army of Occupation, Gennany. 

Captain John B. Thayer, formerly commander of Com- 
pany "D," who had been acting Adjutant of the Motor 
Battalion, was assigned to us at Muddy Ridge on Novem- 
ber 20th, 1918. This was indeed joyous news to the entire 
Company to have Captain Jack (as we referred to him) our 
new Company Commander, for he not only encouraged us 
in keeping up our record in the Train, but greatly assisted 
us in gaining the many added laurels we received until the 
day of disbanding. Our Staff of Officers now included Cap- 
tain John B. Thayer and 1st Lt. Harry C. Bates, also 2nd 
Lt. Cyrus G. Martin, who was assigned to us on December 
12th, 1918, and who in a few weeks was transferred to the 
154<th Field Artillery Brigade, 79th Division. 

During our next move to Ecurey, December 21st, 1918, 
our former Mess Sgt., Willis R. Hess, met with an accident 
by falling from a truck, severely wrenching his legs, caus- 
ing him to be transferred to Evacuation Hospital No. 15, 
Glorieux, France, and later he returned to the United States 
as a Casual. Mess Sgt. Hess and his Staff — Cooks Gray, 
Cramer, Brown, Schafer and Barnett, cannot be praised too 
highly, for, regardless of conditions and time of day, their 
stovepipes were always seen belching forth smoke which 
meant "beaucoup" eats for the company. 

Of all the outstanding events of the Company none can 
compare with those happening at Souilly, which village we 



110 History of the SO^th Ammunition Train 

entered December 28th, 1918, after a forty-mile hike from 
Ecurey through a blinding hail and rainstorm. Here we 
received our Motor equipment and the three months spent 
at this station were devoted to the delivery of personnel and 
the hauling of equipment and rations to not only the vicinity 
but throughout France. Our force of auto mechanics and 
drivers, under the supervision of Sgt. Mechanic Rowand, 
Sgt. Gallagher, Corps. Hafner, Wickward, Randall, and 
Terr}^, were so successful in the upkeep of our trucks that 
the company could boast of having the most trucks in opera- 
tion with the least amount of repair. Many such examples 
of workmanship the company continually delivered. An- 
other feat performed by our force of carpenters, namely : 
Corp. Roy W. Hafner (Dutch), 
Wagoner Elmer Whitman (Reds), 
Wagoner Charles Armentrout (Here me), 
Wagoner Daniel B. Zimmerman (I heard you, Searge), 
Pvt., 1 cl., Harold W. Carpenter (Wood butcher), 
Pvt., 1 cl., Anderson G. Ritter (Slim), 
was the erection of a Mess Hall 150 ft. long, 20 ft. wide, 
and 15 ft. high, with seating capacity for the entire com- 
pany, and this they completed in the record time of five 
days. Not only were they personally commended for this 
work by our Lt. Colonel Walser, but also received praise 
from our Commanding General, Joseph Kuhn, who claimed 
it was the best Mess Hall in the Division at the time. Still 
another outstanding bit of workmanship was the painting 
of trucks, etc., by Corp. Jack Dalton (truck despatclier) 
and the lettering and sign-painting by Corp. Hand- 
schumacher (alias Gas), Company Gas N. C. O. 

The departure of 1st Lt. Harry C. Bates (an Ace, as 
fve called him) from the company to attend one of the 
French colleges was sad news to all of us, for everyone had 



Company C. Ill 

a profound feeling of admiration for him, as he was one of 
the finest types of officers and a charming, cultivated, witty 
companion to the plain soldats. 

Again in the replacing of Officers, 1st Lts, Leigh C. Lev- 
ering and Thomas E. Vereer (Silent Pete) were assigned to 
the company, January 28th, 1918. Lt. Levering (Pilot 
Jack), a most democratic type of Officer, soon won his way 
to our hearts, and his untiring efforts for the welfare of the 
men and efficiency of the company will never be forgotten. 
With him came Mike-the-terrier, who soon became the ac- 
knowledged mascot. 

Moving in trucks from Souilly to Andelot March 31st, 
1919, was a big chapter in the company's history for one 
reason, because on this day we ceased to be a WALKING 
MOTOR COMPANY. Our Farewell Dinner "Part'i Tout 
de Suite Dinner" in this town far exceeded the one at La 
Coui-tine, partly due to some of Chaumont's Specials. One 
of the features during the entertainment was the resurrec- 
tion of Biles, demonstrating his clever footwork, and an- 
other pleasant surprise was the unexpected arrival of Lt. 
Bates. 

We travelled once more via box car to Pont-Rosseau, 
April 23, 1919, our last Billet in France, and finally to St, 
Nazaire, May 13th, the port of embarkation. While at 
Pont-Rosseau many incidents peculiar to our company took 
place, such as midnight boat rides and baseball games be- 
tween the "wets and drys," and many other incidents too 
numerous to mention but wliich the readers will recall when 
seeing the name of Pont-Rosseau. At St. Nazaire time was 
so occupied with inspections that other incidents were al- 
most impossible, with the exception of grabbing the favors 
extended by the Y. M. C. A., Red Cross, K. of C, and the 
Salvation Army. 



112 History of the SOJfth Ammunition Train 

In our brief history a few men have been mentioned by 
name and if sjjace were available individual mention would 
be made of the good work done by all men for the efficiency 
and harmony of the company. 

The Esprit de Corps was excellent. 

Finally embarking on the U. S. S. Minnesotan, 4 :00 p. m., 
May 15th, 1919, sailing from port on the 16th at 4:00 a. m. 
and after a more or less stormy voyage extending over a 
period of fifteen days, we arrived at Charleston, South Caro- 
lina. 



COMPANY D 

COMPANY "D," the happiest in the Regiment, came 
into existence on the morning of September 26, 1917. 
It was formed from boys of Chester County and the City of 
Chester, Pennsylvania, 

After a few wild niglits in barracks C-26, at Camp Meade, 
Md., it was decided to move us to a less thickly settled part 
of the Camp, so that our noise would not disturb the slum- 
bers of our"^ fellow Companies. It was on the morning of 
October 4, 1917, that we were moved to V-4, in the heart of 
the woods, far from any of our neighbors. Several boys 
from Philadelphia, Pa., and Montgomery County, Pa., 
joined us in this building. 

It was during our two months' stay in this building that 
we were taught how to be soldiers. We worked from early 
morning till late in the evening, doing squads east and west, 
often wishing that it would rain so we could listen to a lec- 
ture; but our wishes were seldom gratified, excepting one 
afternoon, while out on a hike, we were caught in a terrific 
rainstorm when within half a mile of the barracks. Of 
course it was not the kind of storm we wished for, because 
it was necessary for all to change clothing, and some of us 
did not have extra articles, so had to stay in bed the re- 
mainder of the afternoon. 

We received our first issue of rifles, fourteen in number, 
while in V-4, and it seemed to be the Sergeants' pleasure to 
command the first fourteen men, "right face, column right, 
march; upstairs to get the rifles." None of us envied the 
first fourteen, because at that time a rifle did not seem to 

113 



114t History of the SOJftli Ammunition Train 

fit our shoulders and it meant cold fingers for the ungloved 
hands on those frosty October mornings. 

We had our first Company feast while in V-4, it being a 
Thanksgiving dinner. Many of our pals, were fortunate 
enough to get passes and consequently spent this holiday 
at home, but those less fortunate spent a very happy day in 
this old barracks. 

Early in December, 1917, we moved to W-122, which 
proved to be our winter quarters, in fact our last liome, 
until we sailed for France in July. Many of our original 
members were transferred from the Company while we lived 
here. With a Company strength of forty members, we con- 
tinued in existence from March until July, 1918, when we 
were filled up with replacements from various sections of 
the Country, mostly boys from the South. Our chief worry 
while in this building was to pass inspections so we would 
not be deprived of our passes. Many methods were used 
to elude inspections, viz. : to be on detail and hide our rifles 
in our cots. Sometimes we were unfortunate enough to 
have our name taken, consequently no pass. 

We were quarantined for meningitis while in this build- 
ing, one of our pals having contracted the dreaded disease, 
but we are glad to sav that he recovered and will be mus- 
tered out with the rest of us. The first night of the quar-' 
antine we were all pretty badly scared, so we had some wild 
times to pass the evening, poker and craps being the fa- 
vorite until one of the boys had all of the money, and to our 
despair his wife visited him the next day and collected. 

Death removed our good Comrade, Ted Barker, from 
our midst while in this building. It was a very sad blow to 
us, as he was loved by everyone in the Company. 

In this building most of us became ver}' eflicient at fire 
drills. Many an evening someone would have a bucket of 







Co. D. on the hike to Eciirev 



Detail, Schwab, Carr and others build- 
ing shack 





Co. D's kitchen, Death Vallev 



Co. D.'s Camp "in the mud," in 
Death Valley 





Detail building shack. Death Valley, 
P. C, Co. D 



Lts. Nimmo and Stephenson in front 
of Dugout, Death Valley 



Company D. 115 

water thrown on him while sitting on the steps at the en- 
trance to the building. Then the drill would start, the 
hallway fire extinguisher pla3'ing a very important part in 
extinguishing the burning desire of many to get even with 
the one who had thrown the water. Then the police detail 
would get busy so that the building would be spick and span 
for the daily morning inspection. 

Every one chipped in and prepared a big dinner in cele- 
bration of the Fourth of July and our early departure 
"Overseas." We had a glorious feast. Many replacements 
arrived that day, and, to our regret, we were unprepared 
for them. So while we were enjoying a banquet, they were 
eating the good old Army ration. 

After many days of bustle, hurry and anxiety we sailed 
for France. After landing on foreign soil, \vith the ex- 
ception of many new experiences, little of importance hap- 
pened until tlie latter part of August, 1918, while the Com- 
pany was in St. Leomer, France. Then ten of our pals were 
transferred to a motor school. 

After a rather adventurous time one of them returned to 
the Company in February, 1919. 

At La Courtine, France, the Spanish "Flu" hit us harder 
than any other Company in the Regiment, but luck was with 
us and we did not lose a man. At this place the Company 
distinguished itself by having more members in the Regi- 
mental Band than any other Company. While here also we 
were kept busy night and da}' hauling shells for the Artil- 
lery, but some of us found time to haul some awful "loads" 
of vin rouge. One of our pals, who had been carrying this 
variety of ammunition, was so fatigued on Sunday after- 
noon that he had to lay down to sleep. When mess call 
sounded we could not wake him. Thinking ]iim dead, we blew 
"taps" over his "dead" body and others decorated him for 



116 History of the SO^th Ammunition Train 

his long journey. 

One Saturday afternoon three Sergeants and a Lieutenant 
started out with an Austin on a hunt for eggs for Sunday 
morning breakfast. After running all afternoon they found 
the eggs, but on the way home, after it had grown dark 
and started to rain, tlie gasoline ran out. Consequently the 
four hunters slept in a hayloft and the egg breakfast was 
postponed until Monday. Moral: while thinking of your 
own "tank," don't forget the Austin has one. 

In the contest for the best barracks and kitchen Co. "D" 
won second place. 

After we reached the front we were put on detached serv- 
ice with the Engineers Corps. We marched from a rest 
camp one evening, after it had grown dark, and reached 
our destination, which was about six kilometers northwest 
of Verdun, about midnight. That night we slept in a field, 
a few blades of grass being our bed and the starry sky our 
roof, the roar of the cannon echoing in the valley and the 
flash from many guns illuminating the sky. When morning 
came we found ourselves among the ruins of a destroyed 
farm. We immediately set to work and found homes, which 
were mostly holes in the ground, some holes being beneath 
the graves of soldiers who had fallen early in the great con- 
flict. 

Our "houses" were spread over an acre of ground, so our 
bugler had to use a great deal of wind to get the boys up 
in time for a formation. 

Our first job as engineers was to build an ammunition 
dump. This we never completed because the Huns were re- 
treating so fast that had we finished the dump it would 
have been too far to the rear to be of any use. We were 
living on this farm when it was rumored that an armistice 
had been signed at two on the afternoon of November 7th. 



Company D. 117 

Not hearing the roar of cannon that afternoon we believed 
it had been signed, until that evening, when the roar started, 
and just as we were about to crawl into our beds an officer 
came rushing in and ordered us to "fall in" to go after 
wounded on the battlefield. After a hurried formation the 
boys left in trucks for the battlefield, tlie ride being the most 
weird in the experience of tlie Company, the trucks keep- 
ing to the shell-torn road until further progress was im- 
possible. The remaining distance to the battlefield, which 
we reached just before daybreak, had to be covered on foot. 
After searching all over the ground no wounded were found, 
but this was our first glimpse of the dead lying about the 
fields and woods after the battle had ceased. Many of us 
will carry this mental picture throughout the rest of our 
life. 

The following Sunday, which was a beautiful day, we hiked 
to Death Valley, and camped on the side of a mountain, 
near the ruined village of Haumont, which is about twenty- 
five kilometers northwest of Verdun. After we had pitched 
tents and had mess, it began to get dark, so we crawled in 
our tents, the few having candles spending the early eve- 
ning reading or writing. The less fortunate had to "turn 
in," but ver}^ few of us slept that night because just after 
dark every cannon for miles around opened up, and without 
intermission never ceased firing until eleven o'clock the fol- 
lowing day, the eventful day when the armistice was signed. 

That morning some of us were repairing roads and others 
burying dead and wlien tliat deadening roar stopped every 
one was daz.ed, because they realized the war was ended. 
The war ended, we continued to bury the dead that had 
fallen on the fields in our sector. After every friend and 
foe had been laid to rest in his earthly home, we cleared a 



118 History of the SO^th Ammunition Train 

part of the battlefields of all equipment that had been scat- 
tered about during the final dash to victory. It was during 
our search on the battlefields that we found "Salvage." 
She was a German messenger dog, having the message con- 
tainer fastened to her collar. She was nearly starved, but 
after a few days of good feeding she regained her former 
vitality and became the pet of the Company. 

About a week after the armistice was signed rumors 
started about going home. They never stopped until we 
boarded the transport in May. 

Of course we were now allowed to have plenty of lights 
and fires, so everyone began to remodel their homes, there 
being many different models, viz., the shelter tent, one-room 
blanket and metal houses, dugouts, and some with cellars. 
Every home was lighted with candles and had a comfortable 
fire. We had some very disastrous fires and having no fire 
department, the victims consequently barely escaped with 
little of their property. Of course we had two very expe- 
rienced firemen in the Company, but they did not prove their 
ability until later. We used cannon powder to start our 
fires, as paper was rather scarce and the flame from powder 
would catch the green wood better. One of the boys would 
drop a few pieces of the powder down another's chimney. 
There would be a sudden burst of flame in his tent. He 
would be frightened and rush madly out, thinking same on 
fire, only to be laughed at by the jokers. Some would put 
an empty tomato can over another's chimney and smoke 
him out. All these jokes helped liven things up in lonesome 
Death Valley. 

At Ecurey, France, a Lieutenant and several of the 
boys of the Company fitted up a bath and on Christmas 
Morning the entire Regiment was treated to a shower bath 
as a present, the first real bath for nearly three months. 



Company D. 119 

In January, 1919, while stationed at Souilly, France, 
one of the barracks, which was occupied by part of "D" 
Company, caught on fire from a defective flue. In a few 
minutes the building was a mass of flames. With rifle car- 
tridges exploding, it was a very lively scene, the men es- 
caping by jumping through the windows, many losing all 
their belongings. But for the brilliant work of our two ex- 
perienced firemen the entire camp would have been destroyed. 
We lost our mascot "Salvage" in this fire. Being unable 
to find her master, she ran back into the building and was 
burned to death, her charred body being found the next day 
lying beneath the remains of her master's bed. Everyone 
mourned the loss of this faithful and heroic dog. 

Another loss was greatly felt when death removed from 
our midst Michael J. Duff*, Jr., of Ardmore, Penn. He con- 
tracted pneumonia and died in a Paris hospital February 
3, 1919, at 5:30 a. m. He was one of the old members 
of the Compan}^ and was well liked by everyone. He was 
always happy in spirit, no matter how gloomy things seemed. 

It was while we were stationed at Souilly that the Com- 
pany distinguished itself by being able to keep more motor 
trucks available for duty than any other Company in the 
Regiment. 

When spring came the baseball fever came with it, so 
three Company teams were formed, namely, Non-Coms, 
Wagoners and Bucks. Because of a hurried order to pro- 
ceed to a seaport only two games were played. These were 
played on a large estate in Andelot, France, between the 
Non-Coms and Bucks, the Bucks showing their superiority 
by defeating the Non-Coms in hotly contested games, the 
unfortunates not having a chance to show their ability, 
which promised to be ver}' good. 

The last days of our waiting for a transport were spent 



ISO History of the 30/j.th Ammunition Train 

in an old dye works, near the city of Nantes. Every one 
realized they were soon going home and were naturally in 
high spirits. Many friendly wrestling bouts were staged, 
mid the cheers of the onlooking pals. Beds were not re- 
spected, the wrestlers scattering them in all directions dur- 
ing the tussle. Every time an Orderly would enter, the 
room would resound with cheers, such as "Hurrah, here's 
the sailing orders." During these last days of our stay in 
France we spent most of our time hiking through the coun- 
tryside or standing inspections, which were about as nu- 
merous as rainy days "over there." 

Even though our life, while in the Company, was filled 
with sacrifices and troubles, many happy hours were spent 
together and by association many new friendships formed. 

With the happiness our return to civilian life brought us, 
as we answered the roll call as a Company for the last time, 
a feeling of sadness dwelt upon us as we said '"Good-bye" 
to each other, perhaps for the last time. 

Thus Company "D," the happiest of the Regiment, passes 
into oblivion as a military unit, but its soul will live until 
the last member sails "West." 



COMPANY "E" 

A HISTORY of any organization should be a record of 
all events and happenings since its beginning. Our 
history is replete with numerous incidents which we would 
like to relate, but owing to the brief time for preparation 
and the limited space allotted we will be compelled to omit 
much Avhich the author would be pleased to make a matter 
of record. 

In September, 1917, shortly after the first lot of Na- 
tional Army men arrived at Camp Meade, Company E was 
organized with Capt. John T. Little, 1st Lt. Karl L. Belt 
and 2nd Lt. Joseph A. Thomas as Officers. For a few 
days the Company consisted of about forty men, all from 
Chester County, and was located in barracks C-16. 

We were then moved to barracks D-24, where we were 
filled up to full strength with men from Berks, Montgomery, 
Delaware and Philadelphia Counties. 

Here our Army life began in earnest and the course of 
intensive training was entered upon without delay and in 
a very strenuous manner. Who will ever forget those in- 
teresting days of our early Army period when all were 
"Rookies".'' How busy we were getting acquainted with 
each other, forming new friendships, trying to acquire cor- 
rect Army habits and a projjer military bearing, doing our 
best to be serious and learn the drills, but always finding 
some opportunity to laugh at the awkward mistakes or hu- 
morous expressions of someone. 

Our stay in barracks D-24 was short, as we were there 
but a couple of weeks when we moved to C-36. It was while 

121 



122 History of the SOJfth Ammunition Train 

here that we took up for the first time our training in bomb 
throwing, bayonet practice and guard duty. During all this 
time our Officers were woi'king very hard with us and their 
untiring energy and patience, coupled with the earnestness 
of the men, was bringing excellent results and we were fast 
assuming the appearance of a well-drilled and disciplined 
organization. We were very fortunate in having for our 
Commanding Officer during these days, Capt, Little. His 
long experience in the regular army fitted him admirably 
for training a young organization and his thorough knowl- 
edge of all things military was of the greatest benefit to us. 
How he would strike terror to the heart of some erring 
"rookie" with his snappy exclamations of advice, which al- 
ways struck home ! The monotony of our strenuous life 
during these days was somewhat broken by visits from our 
relatives and friends on Sundays. How we did enjoy those 
visits of the home folks with their baskets laden with cake, 
chicken and all things in the line of good "eats." And then 
came Hallowe'en and we decided to have our first social 
affair. 

What a wonderful eve that was, starting with a bountiful 
supper in the gaily decorated mess hall and continuing 
throughout the evening with a very high-class talent along 
entertainment lines. Thanksgiving day was fittingly ob- 
served by those who remained in camp while their more 
fortunate comrades were enjoying the day with the home 
folks. About December 1st we moved to barracks W — , 
which was to be our permanent home in Camp Meade. This 
move was appreciated by all; it brought us close to our 
Regimental Headquarters, Canteen and trolley station. 

Soon after arriving at our new quarters we received our 
first consignment of horses, and how well we remember that 
cold, stormy day when we brought them from the Remount 



Company E. 123 

Station, and what a time the boys had with those unbroken 
broncos before the}' succeeded in getting all of thein safely 
within the home corral. Then began those never-to-be-for- 
gotten days of grooming by detail on the picket line with 
the thermometer at 15 degrees below zero and the interest- 
ing and exciting days in the bullring. About February 1st 
Capt. Walter E. Caten became our Commanding Officer, 
relieving Capt. Little, who was made a Major and placed 
in command of the Horsed Battalion. We regretted the loss 
of Capt. Little, but rejoiced in his promotion and were 
pleased to have him as our Major. Our Caissons began to 
arrive in February and we were soon going through the 
double-time movements of Caisson drill and learning the 
parts of the Caissons. Our training from this time on con- 
sisted almost entirely of horsemanship and Caisson drill. 
Many excellent horsemen were developed and in a compara- 
tively short time all the men were handling tlieir horses as 
though raised on a ranch. One variation from our routine 
work was the period spent on the rifle range, and I'm sure 
no one will have difficulty in recalling those bitter cold days 
when we left the barracks early in the morning, plunged 
through the snow to the range and remained until late in 
the day. Many excellent scores were made and we were 
rated as very good marksmen. In the latter part of April 
Lt. Belt was promoted to a Captain and placed in Com- 
mand of the Company, with 1st Lt. Ernest M. Hurd and 
2nd Lt. Joseph A. Thomas completing the Officer Personnel. 
These officers were permanent and remained with the Com- 
pany until after the armistice. Capt. Belt had been with the 
Company since its organization and his interest and loyalty 
soon brought results, and developed the organization to 
a high state of efficiency which it has always maintained 
and for which it has been highly commended on numerous 



124 History of the SOJ^th Ammunition Train 

occasions. As our memories go back to those busy days 
of the spring and early summer of 1918 we recall many 
things of interest such as the long two-day hikes with a 
night in the pup-tents giving us a taste of the life that 
was to come when in active service, those hot days spent in 
the clay pits or tamping in the stables, getting up at night 
and double-timing to the stables to tie up the horses be- 
cause of rain or catching some that broke from the corral. 

Surely no one has forgotten the night wlien all the horses 
broke out and roamed all over tlic surrounding country for 
many miles, two of them being killed on the railroad. Some 
excellent work was done in rounding them up and much 
credit was due several men for their excellent work. 

About July 1st we received tlie long looked-for order to 
prepare to go to France and much enthusiasm was aroused 
at the prospect of active service so near at hand. The last 
couple of weeks spent in Camp Meade were full of activity. 
We worked day and night packing up, getting all equip- 
ment and putting everything in readiness for the day of 
departure. 

A few days before we left we received quite a lot of new 
men, filling our Company to full strength. The new ar- 
rivals were from all parts of the country, but chiefly the 
South. Our Company as now constituted was very cos- 
mopolitan in all respects. 

A majority of all the states and many nationalities were 
represented in our personnel and almost every trade, pro- 
fession and industry had a representative. We had the 
ideal makeup for efficient service, as no matter what was 
required we always had someone who could do the thing well. 

As the days for leaving approached we could not help but 
look back over our many months spent in Camp Meade and 
recall our many experiences while there, some pleasant and 



Company E. 125 

others not so pleasant but all a part of the great game, 
and our feelings upon leaving were mingled with joy and 
sadness; joy at the prospect of an early opportunity to do 
our bit in the great world struggle and sadness at the 
thought of leaving all of those who were so dear to us. At 
last the Historic morning arrived and we detrained for 
Philadelphia, where we embarked on the Haverford and be- 
gan that memorable voyage with its ever present danger of 
submarines and then the day when we had our real attack 
and fight. 

Liverpool, Knotty Ash Camp, the long hike to South- 
hampton, crossing of the Channel and Le Havre present 
themselves to our minds in rapid succession. 

Our first couple of days in camp followed by our first 
long ride in box-cars are vivid in our memories. This ride 
brought us to Mt. Montmorrillon and then another long hard 
hike to our training camp at Cardonne. Here we put in 
four weeks of the most strenuous kind of drilling, but this 
camp was possibly our most pleasant period in France, as 
the weather was fine, though very hot. While here we took 
our first real French lessons and formed associations with 
our French brothers and sisters. About four weeks' train- 
ing here put us in the finest kind of shape and we were now 
ready for real service. 

We left Cardonne and proceeded to La Courtine, where 
we joined the 154<th Artillery Brigade to keep them supplied 
with ammunition. 

While at La Courtine we made good progress with our 
training with gas-masks which was very necessary, although 
somewhat unpopular with the majority. 

Color was lent to our training at this period by the almost 
incessant bursting of shrapnel and high explosive shells on 
the artillery range and by the fact that we were hauling 



126 History of the SOJ^th Avimunition Tram 

ammunition for this purpose to the 310th, 311th, 312th 
Field Artillery. 

During our stay in La Courtine, revolvers and pistols 
were issued to those who were required to carry them, and 
we had our first target practice on a 25 yard range, with a 
fairly satisfactory result. About this time an epidemic of 
so-called Spanish Influenza was making itself evident all 
over the world, but our Company was fortunate not to lose 
an}'^ of its members, although several contracted the dis- 
ease. 

In this camp our company baseball team, which was in 
very good form, had the distinction of beating all teams in 
the Regiment. 

Our Company during its spare hours had been diligently 
preparing its ammunition caissons for actual warfare, see- 
ing that all running gear was well oiled and in good shape, 
and that the harness was in first class condition, but a very 
unwelcome surprise was in store for us, as, before we left, 
our caissons were turned over to the artillery, who event- 
ually reaped the benefit of our care and diligence. How- 
ever, this was accepted in the same spirit that we resigned 
ourselves to all other reverses. It was evidently for the 
good of the cause for which we were working and for that 
reason in the interests of all concerned. 

On the 30th of October, after having for some time enter- 
tained doubts that we should be in time to see the finish of 
the "Great Game," we were overjoyed to hear that we should 
embark on the morrow on the last stage of our journey 
towards the front, which was accomplished by our usual 
mode of transportation, namely the French box-car. 
Hommes 40, Chevaux 8. 

On our journey we saw increasing activity and war prep- 
aration in every succeeding area, which assured us that at 
last we were drawing near to the climax of our twelve 



Company E. 127 

months of drill and physical training. 

On the third day of our journey we witnessed the exciting 
spectacle of aeroplanes appearing out of nowhere and firing 
at something, which was to us invisible. About 7 o'clock 
on the same evening and after darkness had fallen we saw 
repeated flashes in the distance and heard the dull boom of 
heavy gun-fire. 

Shortly after this we reached our destination which had 
previously been a complete mystery to us and which proved 
to be the railhead of Dugny, a small and war-scarred 
French village. From the railhead we were conveyed in 
complete darkness to a small church, which was to be our 
sleeping quarters for the night. On the following after- 
noon we were assembled in heavy marching order and started 
on a hike to Baleicourt, a French camp situated in dense 
woods, which excellently prevented observation from the 
enemy. 

During our hike to this camp, we witnessed a great excite- 
ment, the bringing down of an American observation balloon 
by a German airman, who succeeded in escaping in the direc- 
tion of the German lines, but who was subsequently brought 
down out of control by one of our aviators. Our stay was 
two days in this camp, and plenty long enough, as the mud 
was knee deep. While here we experienced our first air raid, 
all lights were extinguished while we listened in the dark to 
the hum of the motors overhead, which was only seconds 
but seemed like hours. This together with the return of 
the French artillery from neighboring sectors made us real- 
ize that we were rapidly approaching active service. It was 
about four p. m., when rumors spread that we were to leave 
for the front and be attached to the 304th Engineers, for 
the purpose of repairing shell torn roads. At 5 p. m. of 
the same afternoon wagons were loaded to their utmost ca- 



128 History of the 30J/,th Amjnunition Tram 

pacity with men formed in heavy marching order for a long 
and weary hike towards No Man's Land. After walking 
along muddy roads for several hours, we were brought to a 
halt and the rolling kitchen was pulled into an adjacent 
field and a hot supper served. It was here that we were 
supplied with a guide and marched off as a single company 
and divided into three platoons so that if Fritz slipped one 
of his G. I. Cans over our route, all wouldn't suffer. After 
weary hours of hiking through muddy roads, we branched 
off through a shell torn field to what was once a woods and 
which proved to be our abode for two days. At dawn we 
were awakened by the barking of the artillery, whose shells 
were whizzing over our heads. Space for pitching shelter- 
halfs was scarce as the ground was perforated throughout 
with shell holes, so the majority dug in and camouflaged 
over. Located as we were on the brow of a hill necessitated 
us to going to mess in squad formation, as we were in clear 
sight of the Boche. Our duties here being attached to the 
304th Engineers consisted of the construction and repair 
of shell torn roads and repair of the locks of the Meuse 
Canal which the Germans had used to good advantage in 
transporting material and had blown up upon being forced 
to retreat. This work continued until after the signing of 
the Armistice. We were then detailed to remove the camou- 
flage and do general police work and salvage throughout 
the area. During this time we had become quite comfort- 
ably quartered in ruff shacks, which seemed to be destined 
to be our permanent home, and at a general inspection our 
commanding officer was highly complimented on the improve- 
ment of sanitary conditions. We remained here from No- 
vember 8th to December 21st, when we moved several kilo- 
meters up Death Valle}^ to Company G. On the following 
day we moved on to Ecurey, a small village which for four 



Company E. 129 

years had been in the hands of the Germans and used as a 
prison camp by them. Here we spent a more or less Christ- 
mas Holiday. 

On December 27th, instead of moving into Luxemburg, 
as had been rumored, we started on a return march, stop- 
ping over night at Verdun, on the following day arriving 
at our destination, Souilly, having marched 52 kilometers, 
with full pack and in a heavy rain. 

The entire Division was being assembled in this area. 
Company E being placed on Special Duty at Divisional 
Headquarters, where we operated a Fire Department and 
attended to the general police of the camp, our Command- 
ing Officer being appointed Camp Commandant and Fire 
Marshal. While here our Fire Department was commended 
for extinguishing a disastrous fire belonging to Q. M. 

Here Lt. Thomas became detached to attend Grenoble 
University, and Lt. Haupert, a C. A. C. officer, became 
attached to our Company. When the Division moved out 
we policed the entire area covering a space from Verdun to 
Bar-le-Duc. 

On April 15th we left Souilly by motor-truck, arriving at 
Andelot the same date, knowing full well now that we were 
to depart for the States. We left Andelot April 21st for 
Rimaucourt, from there by the box-car route to Nantes, 
where we were billeted in a large German dye works. All 
necessary arrangements as to equipment and records hav- 
ing been complied with, the organization having passed a 
successful inspection by the S. O. S. Base Sector Inspector, 
May 13th, we entrained at Nantes for St, Nazaire, arriving 
the same date, where we were personally inspected and de- 
loused in Camp Nos. 1 and 2. 

Ma}^ 15th we went on board the U. S. S. Shoshone, and 
on Friday, May 16th, we steamed for the U. S. A. 



"GALLOPING F" 

COMPANY "F" was organized in the latter part of Sep- 
tember, 1917, but was not a concrete nor working or- 
ganization until after the first week in October, 1917, when it 
received its first large contingent of men. The receiving of 
nearly 190 men from the 12th and 17th Training Battalion 
of the 154th Depot Brigade necessarily made it a working 
organization and Headquarters speedily made up a schedule 
of training and duties to fit the men for their career as 
soldiers. The uncertainty of just what an Ammunition 
Train was (its duties) and the framing of an adequate 
organization to meet the demands "Over There" caused the 
designation of the Company to be changed from Company 
"F" to 2nd Caisson Co., then to Caisson Co. No. 2, and 
later back to Company "F," which it carried for the balance 
of its career. 

The officers immediately took up the training of the re- 
cruits and from the very first it became apparent, from the 
high calibre of the men, that the company was destined to 
be, and later actually became, one of the best and most 
efficient companies in the regiment. As early as November, 
1917, they had won an acknowledgement of their merit from 
the Regimental Commander for their showing on the drill 
field. 

The plan of training consisted of physical exercises and 
long marches (hikes) to develop the muscles that would be 
needed later in the hardships of a soldier. Then was taken 
up the rudiments of Infantry Drill: the facings, the steps, 
the squad movements, the duties and position of each man 

130 




[J'j'|i'^>i^ji^ 







COMPANY A, CAPT. GEORGE M. CANNON, Commanding 

COMPANY E, CAPT. K. L. BELT. Commanding 

"GALLOPING F," LT. WILLIAM F. HALLSTEAD, Commanding 

COMPANY G, CAPT. THOMAS H. NIMICK, Commanding. Later commanded by Capt. Parker H. SKI^ 




iMM'G^ 




Company F. 131 

of the squad and tlie purpose of the squad itself and its 
relation to the entire company. Then came the Manual of 
the Rifle, which at first seemed intricate but was speedily 
mastered. (The men remember now with amusement their 
first rifle, which was nothing more than a stick or pole five 
feet long manufactured by themselves, with axes and 
hatchets, from a forest of brushwood.) The mystery of 
transmitting messages or signalling over long distances was 
then taken up and mastered. This proved the hardest of 
all the lessons to learn and often made the officers feel dis- 
couraged in the two long months which elapsed before each 
man had mastered the art. After the men had become suf- 
ficiently advanced in squad, platoon, and company drill, 
rifles were issued and then came many lectures and cautions 
about how to take care of, clean and handle the rifle. The 
names and function of each part of the rifle was learned ; 
the size of the bullet, its trajectory, the eff'ect of wind and 
heat on the course of the bullet and the eff'ect of sunshine 
and shadow on the target. Bayonets were issued and the 
men drilled in their use. The proper method of attacking 
an antagonist or defending oneself was explained and gone 
through minutely. (You will recall with a smile tlie jump- 
ing jack activities of our little skipper in his "advance," 
"retire," "left step," "right step," etc.) That the men 
might better know how to handle the rifle, the company spent 
a week on the rifle range, located some four miles below 
camp. Many of the men made good records. The com- 
pany marched down and back each day through snow and 
slush up to the knees and a change of clothing was necessary 
each night. It is the company's proud boast that not once 
during those trying marches was it ever passed on the road 
by another company or detachment and it was a good com- 
pany indeed who having a mile start on us reached camp 



132 History of the SOJfth Ammunition Train 

or rifle range ahead of us. It was during our early training 
that the company won for itself the sobriquet of "GAL- 
LOPING F," due to the fact that the company when going 
any place was always on the "double-time" and when on 
long marches it traveled at a pace that was maddening. 
But the running and galloping never ceased and on down 
through the trying months of its existence the company 
was ever on the go with snap, vim, and vigor. 

The company early established a good record for moral 
conduct and for long periods of time there would not be a 
single case of a man Absent Without Leave (A. W. O. L.) 
nor any breach of military discipline which would cast dis- 
credit on the organization. The physical health of the men 
was good and at all times they were capable of measuring 
up to the demands placed upon them. 

One of the most trying periods of the company in its 
early months was its eighteen day quarantine for measles, 
during which period no man was allowed out of barracks 
and communication with any friends in other companies 
was absolutely forbidden. The quarantine was during De- 
cember and the eighteenth day was not up until the day 
after Christmas. As a special pass was authorized for 
the Xmas holidays, the officers and doctor made every en- 
deavor to have the quarantine lifted in order that the men 
might avail themselves of the privilege, but it was of no 
use. That Xmas might not pass over without some of the 
joys of the season, an elaborate dinner was planned and 
served and our dining hall richly decorated. In the midst 
of our festivities the Train Adjutant came in and expressed 
his sorrow that the men were unable to get home and praised 
them highly for their spirit and bearing during such a try- 
ing circumstance and pointed out that our American com- 
rades in the trenches in France were perhaps not making 



Company F. 133 

out as well as we. (It is interesting to note that our dinner 
served at the same time just one year afterward consisted 
of bully beef and potatoes, bread without butter and coffee 
without milk or sugar.) 

During the first of January the company received some 
horses and was not long in receiving its full quota. Then 
came new training and work. Details were sent to the 
stables to put them in order. Corrals were made. Each 
horse was stamped and numbered. His height and approxi- 
mate weight were taken and his age. Many of the men lived 
on farms in civil life and these were utilized in making the 
horse records, and many an interesting argument arose as 
to how old a horse was. Some horses it seemed ranged from 
three to fifteen years old. Soon after this harness was re- 
ceived and a few caissons. The horses were then paired off 
into teams and then assigned to different sections. Saddle 
mounts were picked for the individually mounted men. The 
company was then ready to start on its new era of train- 
ing. The formation of the company was changed from 
Infantry to Artillery. The men were assigned to their 
proper sections and a sergeant appointed to take charge 
of that section. To him was charged all the horses and 
material in that section. 

Immediately after the receipt of the horses, elementary 
principles of horsemanship were taken up. First lectures 
on the care and handling of the animals and then a slight 
study of their anatomy. The horses were then taken out 
for exercise, one to a man, and led around a large ring, 
till the men became accustomed to the handling of a horse. 
Each man then took two horses in the same manner. Next 
the first lessons in riding were given ; the proper way to 
mount, the proper way to sit on a horse, the proper way 
to ride, how to start and stop a horse without "clucking" 



134 History of the SOJ^th Ammunition Train 

or speaking and how to get your horse out of the column 
without disturbing every horse in the column. Next the 
men were instructed in driving a pair of horses and in the 
elementary drills of Field Artillery. Then horses were har- 
nessed and coupled to the caissons and the late spring and 
early summer saw the company doing the interesting drills 
of Field Artiller}' like regular veterans. That the company 
mastered the principles of horsemanship and indeed excelled 
in the art is proved by the fact that they were going 
through their Caisson Drills at a fast trot and sometimes 
at a dead gallop, without ever mar or mishap, and when you 
consider the fact that a misreading of an arm signal might 
mean a crash and perhaps the permanent injury of several 
men, it shows how accomplished they were in their drills. 
Only two injuries are on record, one a broken leg and the 
other a crushed foot. 

When the company was proficient in the handling of 
horses, tactical problems and marches were taken up under 
the supervision of the Battalion Commander. One and two 
day marches were made through the country and camp 
pitched somewhere along the beautiful Severn River. Dur- 
ing these marches the men learned the duties of the Advance 
Cavalry, Point, Advance and Rear Guards, Flank Guards. 
Outposts, Scouting Parties, Foraging Parties, Harassing 
Parties, etc. The Company was also instructed how to pre- 
pare meals in the field (each man cooking his own meals). 

In the early part of the summer the company began mak- 
ing preparations for its journey overseas. Equipment was 
checked and rechecked. Each man was rigged out com- 
plete. Horses were clipped, "deloused" and turned in. Har- 
ness was stenciled and packed. Caissons were turned in. 
The Garrison was policed and polished, and on July 14th, 
1918, at seven o'clock in the morning, the company en- 



Compcmy F. 135 

trained for their long journey overseas. 

The History of the Company in the Theatre of Opera- 
tions and its journey on the sea is covered in Part I of this 
book, but a few special incidents are worthy of note here. 
While in the training areas behind the lines the personnel 
of the company were allowed pass privileges in the evening 
after drill periods and on Saturday afternoons and Sun- 
days. On these passes the men would travel to nearby 
towns and see everything of interest, and enjoy themselves 
immensely in a good French hotel, eating the food that was 
procurable in that particular section and partaking of 
French light wines and beers. While at La Courtine the 
Regimental Commander allowed the use of our trucks on 
Sundays to haul the men to towns that were beyond walk- 
ing distance. 

The Company had many long marches while in action, 
but the longest and most exacting, on the courage, vitality 
and spirit of the men, took place the night of our actually 
entering into the zone of fire. The regiment was stationed 
at Balleicourt woods near Fbrt Sartelles, and about noon, 
November 1st, the company was ordered to be ready to move 
at four o'clock in the afternoon. Accordingly at four 
o'clock the company was lined up on the road running along 
the edge of woods, but it was not until six-thirty that we 
actually moved out. After walking two hours we stopped 
at Thierville for supper and then proceeded on our way to 
the front. Upon getting close to the lines the steady whine 
and burst of shrapnel and high explosive shells gave us our 
first experience of conflict. Everyone conceded that the 
projectiles were from tlie Allied batteries, but upon attempt- 
ing to cross over the top of a hill we were suddenly brought 
into vivid realization of the fact that some of them were 
German, two or three shells bursting in quick succession 



136 History of the SOJ^tli Ammunition Train 

over the center of the road and not over one hundred and 
fifty yards ahead of us. An M. P. stationed half way up 
this hill ducked his head out of a dugout and advised us 
that it was very dangerous to march a company of men 
over the top of the hill and suggested that we retrace our 
steps to the bottom of the iiill and we would find a road 
that ran off to the left and wound around the hill. He 
explained that it was a little longer that way, but much 
safer. After inquiring about tlie condition of the road he 
suggested and a few other things pertaining to the march, 
we took his advice and after marcliing all night (until four 
o'clock in the morning) we reached our camp on the banks 
of the Meuse river near Brabant. Immediately upon reach- 
ing our camp at Brabant we ran into a gas attack and had 
our first experience of putting our masks on for the real 
goods. We spread our blankets in shell holes and about four- 
thirty laid down to sleep. But our sleep was short. In the 
valley right below us was a battery of heavy French guns 
and about six o'clock they went off with such a terrible noise 
that we all jumped up, thinking the whole Boche army was 
around us. Breakfast was made ready and shovels ob- 
tained from some engineers near us. We then used the rest 
of the day to "dig ourselves in," in other words to make 
small dugouts on the side of the hill big enough to hold two 
or three men. These were to be our home for the rest of 
our stay at the front. Early the next morning we took up 
the task assigned us, which was to help the engineers to 
keep the roads open so that travel could proceed to and 
from the front. While living on the side of the hill we 
were subjected to two shell attacks, but no one was injured. 
One of the men still has a souvenir in the shape of a small 
fragment of shrapnel which came through the top of his 
dugout. While here we assisted the Divisional Chaplain in 



Company F. 137 

burying the dead after the attacks in and around Etraye. 
The work consisted of scouting around the battle ground 
and picking up our fallen infantry comrades who had given 
their life for the cause and seeing that they got a decent 
burial in a Military Cemetery. On November 11th, about 
nine days after our activities commenced, the armistice over- 
took us. We were working along the crest of a hill with the 
fog so thick that one couldn't see more than fifty feet on 
either side, when an automobile came along bearing a Major, 
who stopped and told us that the good rumors we had 
heard in the last few days were true, that hostilities would 
cease at eleven o'clock (it was then ten), and asked us to 
be very careful of the telephone wires which were running 
along the ground a little off the road from us. He ex- 
plained that it was the direct communication to the front 
and it was very important to keep it open at this critical 
time. 

The night of November 11th was unlike any other night 
at the front. Previous to this time there was no noise or 
lights except that made or used by the combatting troops. 
Everything behind the lines was in inky darkness. But on 
this night laughing and talking prevailed and the whole 
landscape as far as one could see was lit up by flares, 
torches, and fires and the important passages and I'oads, 
which were previously so jealously guarded, were this night 
thrown open and revealed. It looked like a mammoth Fourth 
of July celebration. 

When the Regiment came from Souilly to Andelot the 
Company was split in two, one part being conveyed to Ande- 
lot in trucks which was accomplished in about six hours on 
a nice sunny day ; the other part of the company travelled 
with our horse equipment, kitchen, etc., and were not so 
fortunate. They were on the road three days in a driving 



138 History of the 304-th Ammunition Train 

snow and sleet storm and reached camp practically ex- 
hausted, but after a day's rest everybody felt all right 
again. 

The mess (or meals) of Company F was so good that the 
author thinks it should be set down in this history. During 
the Companj^'s stay in Camp Meade it amassed quite a con- 
siderable mess fund and with an intimate co-operation be- 
tween the officers and the Mess Sergeant, this fund was 
used to furnish the company with something more than 
"bully-beef" during its stay in France. Our meals were so 
good that the reputation of them spread not only through 
our own regiment but was known ^nd marvelled at by all 
organizations that were stationed near us. Pies, cakes, 
puddings, salads, dressings, ham and eggs, butter and jam, 
in fact anything that a man could wish for, was the order 
of the day in Company "F" mess hall. 

The following is a list of Officers and Non-commissioned 
Officers who have piloted the Company through the various 
stages of its existence. They follow in the order in which 
they served: 



Captain 

Harvey Christman 
Mario Lazo 
Robert W. Cress- 
well 



First Lieutenant Second Lieutenant 



George S. Smith 
Ernest M. Hurd 

Sowden 

Edwin N. Dela- 
hurst 



Daniel R. Ross 
William F. Hall- 
stead 
Ralph M. Robin- 
son 





Company 


F. 


139 


First Sergeant 


Mess 


Sergt 


eant 


Supply Sergeant 


Earl W. Brooks 


Lelland 


S. Gillete 


Earle W. Brooks 


(acting) 
Thomas King 
William Chapman 


(acting) 
Karl Fueller 
John Plunkett 


(acting) 
John Ross 
Richard Dickin- 


(acting) 
Clifford J. Conard 


John S 


. Wollard 


son 
John Ross 


Joseph Dold 
Charles A. Fried- 










rich 










Stable Sergeant 




Company Clerk 


John Eckels 


(act- 




James 


P. Friel 


ing) 
Earl W. Brooks 




(acting) 
John J. Gould 








Sidney 


Klein 



COMPANY G 

IT is wrong to expect an impartial history of a military 
company to be written by one who serves with it. The 
writer of this sketch was a member of Co. G from the day 
it was formed in September, 1917, until it passed out of 
existence in June, 1919. He went through those weari- 
some days of "squads east and squads west" at Camp 
Meade. He was present when the fires were built to thaw 
the ground that post holes could be dug for the building of 
the corrals during the winter of 1917-18. He assisted in 
chasing the mules over eastern Maryland the day after they 
broke out of the corral. He served with the company in 
France during the days of its active service, and shared 
the hardships which such work involved. He was with the 
company during that period of "watchful waiting" for or- 
ders to return to America. The writer therefore must be 
forgiven if he is too ardent in his praise, for his heart is 
where his work used to be. 

The company was organized late in September, 1917, 
under the command of Capt. G. M. Cannon, assisted by 
2nd Lt. Parker R. Skinner. Several weeks later Capt. Can- 
non was made Train Supply Officer and the company was 
placed under the command of Capt. Austin, who was at that 
time attached to the Train. The other officers of the com- 
pany at this time were Lieutenants Gault, Smith, and Skin- 
ner. Capt. Austin and Lieutenants Gault and Smith were 
finally sent back to the Depot Brigade and First Lieut. R. 
B. Cresswell was placed in command. Lt. Cresswell was 

140 



Company G. 141 

later promoted to captain and given command of Co. F. 
Co. G was finally organized permanently during the winter 
of 1917-18. Capt^ Nimick became the company commander 
and the other officers were First Lt. Parker R. Skinner and 
Second Lt. John F. Choate. This was the officer personnel 
of the company until Sept., 1918, when Capt. Nimick was 
evacuated to the hospital with Influenza and Lt. Skinner 
took command. Lt. Choate was made adjutant of the 
Motor Battalion in the Spring of 1919 and First Lt. Daniel 
L. Ross and Second Lt. John A. Ruth were assigned to the 
company. 

The first men in the company were from the neighborhood 
of Chester, Pa., and were very largely of foreign birth. 
This made the preliminary training of tliese men rather 
difficult, but many of these same men later developed into 
excellent soldiers. Noteworthy examples were Mess Sgt. 
Benedetto Provenzano and Sgt. Feofan Negoda. On Sept. 
5th a large number of recruits were assigaied to the com- 
pany from southeastern Pennsylvania. Taken as a whole 
this was a fine body of men and the nucleus of the organiza- 
tion had now been obtained. In November new men came 
in from the same section and the company was nearly 
brought up to its authorized strength. When the time came 
to sail for France excellent replacements were assigned to 
the company from New York and from several of the south- 
ern states. 

During the early days of the company, Sgt. Rhys Car- 
penter acted as First Sergeant. Sgt. Carpenter had been 
an instructor of modern languages at Bryn Mawr College 
and, being an expert linguist, his services during those early 
days were most valuable. Later Sgt. Carpenter was com- 
missioned in the Intelligence Department and Sgt. Owen 
McNutt was made First Sergeant. The fact that he was 



142 ] History of the 30Jf.t}i Ammunition Train 

serving in this capacity at the time of demobilization is 
ample proof of the excellent character of liis services. 

The Fall of 1917 was largely spent in preliminary drills. 
The monotonous "One, two, three, four" sounded over the 
drill field each day from early morning until evening. The 
men were being prepared to undergo the rough life in store 
for them, but it was rather hard to realize it at that time. 

In December, 1917, the company drew the major part of 
its mobile equipment, including 156 mules and 48 horses, 
and its members became "mule-skinners" in truth. In place 
of such commands as "Squads right" and "Double Time 
March," one could hear such as these: "Stand to heel," 
"Commence grooming," etc. Is there anyone who was with 
the company at that time who has forgotten the building 
of the corrals when the ground was as hard as a rock and 
fires had to be built to thaw the ground before the post holes 
could be dug.'' It was at this time also that many funny 
exploits of horsemanship took place. Then came the well- 
remembered night when the mules broke out of the corrals 
and scattered out over the countryside. Some of the search- 
ing parties were in the saddle for eleven hours the next day 
and Capt. Nimick added a few grey hairs to his limited 
supply. However, these days developed many good drivers 
for the company and added to its fitness for active service. 
The work of Stable Sergeants Goldie and Lonabaugh during 
these strenuous days deserves especial mention. 

The Spring of 1918 brought with it an undercurrent of 
excited feeling. Everyone realized that the hour of de- 
parture for foreign lands was near at hand. Then came 
the days of actual preparation, the disposal of some equip- 
ment and the addition of other, the weary hours of exam- 
ination, the battle of typewriters, — then the Haverford and 
that parting glimpse of the good old U. S. A. 



Company G. 143 

The trip across the Atlantic, through England, and 
across the Channel has been ably described in another chap- 
ter and likewise the early days of training at St. Leomer. 

Late in August, 1918, came the order for Co. G to join 
Companies A and B, who were with the Infantry Brigades 
in the tenth American training area. That trip from Camp 
Cardonne to Rivieres-le-Bois will never be forgotten by those 
who made it. The company spent eight days en route and 
four of these were spent in the freight yards of Is-sur-Tille. 
Finally on Aug. 30th it joined Companies A and B in the 
pretty little French village of Rivieres-le-Bois. 

On September 8th the movement of the Division towards 
the front began. Companies A, B, and G were moved by 
rail to Revigny and thence by a march in a pouring rain 
to Lisle-en-Rigault. During the night of Sept. 13th-14th 
the companies were moved in trucks to the rear of the in- 
fantry which had taken over Sector 304. Here for the 
first time the men experienced some of the trials of real 
warfare. In the Bois-de-Brocourt on Sept. 16th the de- 
tachment and the Supply Train were bombed by an enemy 
plane — their first time under fire. 

The detachment then moved into the Bois-de-Dombasle. 
Here it was that the Influenza epidemic hit the company, 
and 23 men and Capt. Nimick were exacuated to the hos- 
pital in three days. 

The nights of Sept. 25th and 26th are probably the most 
memorable in the history of the company. In the evening 
orders were received for it to march up to Camp-de-Civils 
and take charge of a 40 C. M. mule-drawn railroad, run- 
ning from Camp-de-Civils to the main road near Avocourt. 
The march was made through the woods in the pitch dark- 
ness and its course was through the allied artillery which 
had just begun the most terrific bombardment the world 



144! History of the SOJfth Ammunition Train 

has ever known. 

The company reached Camp-de-Civils safely and on the 
morning of September 26th began active work on the 40 
c. m. railroad. Five or six of the little cars were fastened 
together and loaded with ammunition. Then a mule was 
hitched to the same and the train drawn up to the advance 
dumps under the care of several of the men. This was 
done under severe shell fire and had to be abandoned be- 
cause the enemy blew up the whole of the Avocourt end of 
the road. 

Directly after this mishap Col. Moore, G-1 of the 79th 
Division, called upon the company to assist in building a 
road across No Man's Land to Malancourt, so that the 
tanks could get up and rout out the German machine gun- 
ners who were holding up the advance of the Infantry. For 
about ten hours the men labored with pick and shovel, fill- 
ing up the shell holes and making that devastated track 
passable for the tanks. 

When the company returned to Camp-de-Civils after com- 
pleting the road building task, the company commander 
learned that all automobile traffic was blocked on the Avo- 
court-Malancourt road and that the advance units were 
suffering for want of food and water. The company then 
had 190 small burros and the company commander called 
for volunteers to assist in using tliese to get food supplies 
to the front. Despite the fact that the men had been work- 
ing steadily for over 24 hours, every man in the company 
volunteered. The burros were loaded with food and water 
and the men carried large bags filled with bread. In this 
fashion three trips were made to the front above Malan- 
court and a considerable amount of food was gotten up to 
the advance units. Gen. Kuhn in his official report on this 
situation says : "Co. G, of the Ammunition Train, with its 



Company G. 145 

190 burros, was able to get up across country an amount 
of food, but not enough for general distribution." 

Those were strenuous hours and for over three days many 
members of Co, G got little or no sleep. 

The division having been withdrawn from Sector 304, 
Co. G marched away from Camp-de-Civils on October 3rd 
and went into rest billets with Co.'s A and B in Camp 
Monthairons. The detachment then moved into the town 
of Ambley and stayed there until October 25th. The work 
at Ambley was not hard. The division was on a defensive 
sector and an occasional truck trip or ammunition detail 
was all the active service called for. 

On October 24th the company moved into Bois Sec, a 
few miles from Verdun. From here a detail of twenty men un- 
der Sgt. Wilkinson was ordered to do duty at the infantry 
ammunition dump of St. Victor at Verdun. For about three 
weeks this detail saw hard and dangerous service at this 
place and received the commendation of the French authori- 
ties in charge of the dump. An ammunition detail was also 
sent to the dump at Brabant and one to the dump at Samog- 
neux. The first of these was under the command of Sgt. 
Frame and the other under Sgt. Lonabaugh. The work on 
these dumps was under heavy shell fire and Sgt. Frame here 
won a citation for "conspicuous service under enemy fire." 

On Nov. 1st the remainder of the company was ordered 
to report to Major Hamilton of the 304th Engineers at 
Regneville and from this date until the Armistice and for 
several weeks thereafter the company worked with the engi- 
neers. The work consisted of building roads and bridges 
and was done under more or less dangerous shell fire. The 
work with the engineers and salvaging was continued by 
the company until Dec, 21st, when the whole Train was 
assembled and billeted in Ecurey. 



146 History of the 304-th Ammimition Tram 

The period of "watchful waiting" during the months of 
January, February, March, and April was spent with the 
Train in Souilly and Andelot. As will be remembered, these 
days were spent principally in absorbing the rain and mud. 

Then came the fearful battle of typewriters at Pont- 
Rousseau and St. Nazaire. In this connection must be men- 
tioned the very faithful work of Supply Sgt. Simpson. Sgt. 
Marquette, who had filled the office of Company Clerk most 
efficiently for over a year, was sent to America for discharge 
in the latter part of March. Supply Sgt. Simpson volun- 
tarily took up the additional duties of company clerk. His 
work as Supply Sergeant and Clerk during the latter days 
in France and during the time of demobilization was most 
arduous and efficient. 

The company sailed from St. Nazaire with Co.'s A, B, C, 
and D on May 16th on the U. S. transport Minnesotan and, 
after a pleasant but slow voyage, landed at Charleston, 
S. C, on May 30th. The company was demobilized at 
Camp Jackson on June 3rd and so passed into history. 



TRAIN HEADQUARTERS 

NOW that the period of emergency is a thing of the past 
and the consequent wool O. D. uniform a reminiscence 
rather than a reality, a brief resume of events and personali- 
ties connected with the Detachment will serve to bring to the 
mind a pleasant recollection of bygone days, and will enable 
us to reel off a tale now and then to the younger folks when 
this Great War becomes a subject of discussion. 

In September, 1917, when the 79th Division was formed 
at Camp Meade, Maryland, there was a theoretical organ- 
ization known as 304th Ammunition Train, and in order to 
make this a practical unit capable of doing something in the 
"Free for All" in Europe, the Adjutant General dispatched 
Lieut. Colonel Walter E. Prosser, who had come from Coro- 
zal. Canal Zone, to the States, in August, to Camp Meade 
and he was assigned to the Train. Naturally the first essen- 
tial in any unit is a headquarters and to have this it was 
necessary to have a few officers and men to comprise the 
detachment, so in a few days the Colonel salvaged Captain 
Reusswig, whom he appointed Adjutant, and Captain 
George M. Cannon, who was made Supply Officer. In addi- 
tion a few scared, anxious recruits who had recently sep- 
arated themselves from "civees" were taken into the fold 
and made a part of the enlisted personnel. This was in 
September, 1918, in what was known as C Block. Of course, 
as the camp developed and the soldiers increased, the Train 
naturally developed with it, and as a result we moved to 
larger quarters in V Block. It was at this place that the 
Detachment started to increase, as the Local Boards were 

147 



148 History of the SOJ^tli Ammunition Train 

pretty generous and gave us all the men that we needed, 
single, married and otherwise, and in a short time we were 
a bunch of regular soldiers, ready to take over any task 
assigned us. We stayed here about six weeks, when we again 
moved to W Block, which was our permanent home and 
which we occupied until we left the States for France. 

All the boys who knew Colonel Prosser personally learned 
to admire him in every way; his kindness of manner, his low 
toned way of speaking, his soldierly bearing, all commanded 
respect and helped to make the fellows feel that the army 
wasn't so bad after all. We always had the highest praise 
for the Colonel and were greatly shocked in January, 1918, 
when we learned that he was transferred to Camp Cody, 
New Mexico. However, this change meant a promotion for 
him and when we met him in Jardin de Fontaine, near Ver- 
dun, and saw the old eagle flopping its wings on his shoul- 
ders we felt reconciled to the loss. Colonel Prosser was 
gone but a few days when a short little INIajor, about five 
feet six, with a "petite" black moustache, glasses, spurs, and 
riding crop dashed into headquarters and announced that 
he was to take over the fort. Major H. J. McKenney is 
introduced to you, boys, so for God's sake snap out of it, 
for when that crop shakes he wants action. Major Mc- 
Kenney turned out to be a very aggressive, peppery and 
snappy Commanding Officer. He had risen up from the 
ranks and carried that dogmatic, all-knowing manner with 
him, but, nevertheless, the Train improved under his super- 
vision and soon reached a high state of efficiency, and as a 
result he was awarded with the grade of Lieut. Col. He 
stayed with us until September, 1918, when we were at La 
Courtine, Creuse, France, and at that time was ordered to 
the 314th Infantry, which was then at the front. 

The departure of Col. McKenney let the reins of com- 



Train Headquarters 149 

mand fall in the hands of Major Edwin M. Van Voorhees, 
who had joined the Train two days before it sailed over- 
seas. You will remember him, fellows, from his celebrated 
orchestra. Remember when we had Reveille at 5 :30 in the 
morning, with gas masks, and the Fife and Drum Corps 
promenaded around the square to make the scene more mar- 
tial? He was also sponsor for the great show that was 
produced at La Courtine. The Major stayed with us until 
December, 1918. 

A few days of grace elapsed before Lieut. Colonel Frank- 
lin T. Burt entered into our life, and we were mighty lucky 
he did not meet us earlier. At first he impressed us as a 
gentle and loving father, so mild was his voice and so gentle 
his manner, but in a few days we learned that he was boss 
and that he was not difficult to excite if everything did not 
go just right. Personally, the Colonel was O. K. and a 
good fellow, but he had still to learn that the 0. D. suit 
does not make a fellow superhuman. Remember the march 
from Ecurey to Souilly when he stopped every few yards to 
monkey with hand grenades and other explosives. This 
showed that he still had the boyish spirit and that he wasn't 
so bad after all, but that his unusual strictness was to 
make an impression until he got better acquainted with us. 
Colonel Burt left us in January to go with the 315th In- 
fantry. The successor of Colonel Burt was Lieut. Colonel 
Elmer P. Walser, who joined the regiment while stationed 
at Souilly, Meuse, France. Colonel Walser was a former 
National Guard Officer and being a family man seemed to 
know the traits of men, to understand their necessities and 
to sympathize with them in their many precarious positions. 
He was always the same and though his rank carried great 
respect he never permitted it to change his viewpoint that 
we were all of the same big family who had joined up for 



150 History of the 304-th Ammunition Train 

the emergency. 

Next to the Commanding Officer, the Adjutant is the next 
big man in Headquarters, so the name of Henry J. F. Reuss- 
wig looms forth as one of the best men who held down this 
job. Captain Reusswig was a soldierly looking fellow whose 
carriage easily reflected his previous military training at 
West Point. He made it pretty uncomfortable at times for 
some of the new officers because he had a great fondness for 
having indorsements in writing if every order was not ex- 
ecuted promptly and accurately. He was a strict disci- 
plinarian and was largely responsible for the development 
and training of the numerous recruits which joined the Train 
for this purpose only. Two days before the unit left Camp 
Meade, Captain Reusswig was transferred to Camp Mac- 
Arthur, Texas, and we were all sorry he had to leave at the 
crucial hour. After his arrival at the new assignment he 
was placed in the Inspector General's Department, where 
he was again able to keep the shave-tails on edge who had 
records to look after. At the time of his transfer he held 
the grade of Major, which had been given him some months 
previous. 

One of the most familiar characters in the Train who had 
been with it almost from the first day and remained officially 
with it until the disbandment is no less a personage than 
Major Vincent A. Carroll. When we first made his ac- 
quaintance as Commander of the Detachment he was 2nd 
Lieut., Q. M. C, but throughout his service he showed such 
wonderful ability in all his duties he gradually forged to the 
gold leaf, which was an honor achieved by few officers in the 
service. At Meade he was Asst. Adjutant and when the 
office became vacant by the promotion of Captain Reusswig 
he immediately took the whole job over. Incidentally he 
acted as Liberty Loan Officer, Intelligence Officer, Post Ex- 



Train Headquarters 151 

change Officer, President of the Special Court, and also 
acted as counsel in the numerous cases which came up both 
in and out of the Train. The boys in the canteen had many 
a good laugh over his trips to Washington and Baltimore 
for the pillow tops and other canteen supplies, and it was 
surprising how often these had to be bought. He was the 
only officer out of a thousand who were promoted at Camp 
Meade who jumped from a second lieutenant to the rank of 
Captain. When the train arrived at Dugny, near Verdun, 
he was dispatched on special duty to the 79th Division 
Headquarters, where he acted in the capacity of Asst. G-1 
until the organization returned to the States. It was here 
that he received the additional promotion to the grade of 
Major. All the boys will remember Major Carroll in the 
good old days with his natty appearance, his fine attitude, 
his black horse, his spurs and the riding crop which was a 
close companion at all times, and we also appreciate his 
generosity with passes which greatly aided in keeping the 
morale high. We all expect to hear of great things being 
done by him in Philadelphia when he drops the spurs to bluff 
the juries. 

Captain Robert K. Gustafson joined headquarters in 
September, 1918, and was made Personnel Adjutant. He 
saw that we got our francs and centimes on time while in 
France and always did all he could for the benefit of the 
boys. In civil life he was an engineer and in the army a 
paymaster. When suddenly he evinced a desire to study 
medicine at the A. E. F. University it was to the surprise 
of all of us, and we are still wondering whether he wasn't 
tired of the mud of Souilly rather than eager to become a 
doctor. Tell us about it some day, Captain. 

There are only three John D.'s in this world of any ac- 
count, John D. Rockefeller, John D. Archibold and John 



152 History of the 30^th Ammunition Train 

D. Fearhake, better known as Captain. Captain Fearhake- 
was a New York lawyer and a New Caanan citizen who was 
over the draft age but who joined the army out of pure 
patriotism. Luckily he became a member of the Detach- 
ment as Personnel Adjutant and we feel that he was a 
mighty fine officer in every respect. There was a touch of 
the civilian in him which appealed to us, and his jolly man- 
ner, peculiar sarcasm and glowing description of army life 
always created lots of laughter. His pleasant "Good 
Morning, Sergeant," still resounds in our ears. Captain 
Leslie Carner was an old time member of the Train but a 
member of the Detachment for a few weeks. While at Jardin 
de Fontaine he acted as Adjutant, which duty he performed 
well. When the Train moved to Souilly he was sent to a 
hospital and after recuperation was transferred to the Army 
of Occupation. His record was made with Company C, 
which he always kept up to a high standard of efficiency. 
Captain Paul Valorous Collins was also with us for a few 
weeks at Souilly, but did not stay long enough to get ac- 
quainted. His wonderful ability at letter-writing and his 
description of the "Battle of Etraye," as well as the "air- 
raids" in London helped to keep the boys entertained. He 
was a great Captain and lived up to his name of Valorous. 

Now that a little has been said about the Commanding 
Officers and the Adjutants the introduction of the Supply 
Officers is in order. Captain George M. Cannon was the 
original officeholder and always saw that the boys had a 
large assortment of clothing, shoes, etc., so much so that 
the Ammunition Train was known as the best dressed organ- 
ization in the camp. He stayed with us from October to 
January, 1918, when it was necessary to fill a vacancy in 
A Company and naturally the logical man was picked when 
George was selected for the job. He had much experience 



Train Headquarters 163 

in the army as a First Sergeant and in a short time he had 
that Regular Army discipline in force in his company. After 
the Train went overseas he took command of the companies 
which functioned Avitli the Division and did his work so well 
that he was appointed Major. In this capacity he directed 
the Motor Battalion and oftentimes acted as Commanding 
Officer of the Train during the various changes in this 
office. 

Captain Stanley C. Eaton was another Supply Officer 
who did his work well. He must have earned a reputation 
as an Instructor somewhere, because the War Department 
ordered him to go to New Hampshire College, at Durham, 
about six weeks before we left to make the world safe. No 
one has heard from him since then, but it has been rumored 
that he made a Majority while at the above institution. 

The next man to handle tent poles, pins, shoes, etc., was 
none other than Captain David C. Gibson. He was taken 
from A Company for this duty, and in a short time he ac- 
quainted himself with all the rules and regulations pertain- 
ing to Quartermaster and Ordnance property. He was the 
only Supply Officer who learned anything about salvaging, 
because this practice was not in force in the States. He 
had a big job over here to draw supplies, but he did not 
shirk and saw that all the boys had slickers, jerkins, hip 
boots, arctics and everything else to keep them in good 
health. In addition his pleasant personality carried him a 
long way and it enabled him to get in at the Depots while 
others were still on the outside. He was recommended for 
promotion to the grade of Major but the papers must have 
been lost in action as the commission never came through. 

When the Train was formed the War Department did 
not think we were bad enough to have a Chaplain, but after 
they saw the crowd that came down from Berks County, 



154j History of the SOJfth Ammunition Train 

Montgomery County, Chester County and Philadelphia 
County they realized the only salvation would be a sky pilot, 
and as a result Chaplain Ernest L. Loomis became one of 
us just a few days before we sailed overseas. The Chaplain 
could not get his bearings for a few days, but when he did 
there were results. He became editor of our regimental 
newspaper, The Bombshell, which came out weekly, whether 
we were in dugouts, box cars or in dilapidated houses, and 
also saw that the boys had a good supply of tobacco, writ- 
ing paper and reading matter. He saw too that the Recrea- 
tion Hall always had a good show on and that the movie 
lovers were never deprived of the opportunity to see all the 
celebrated stars. He soon had us all attending religious 
services and by the time the war was over we claimed to be 
the best unit in the American A. E. F. because not a man 
chewed, smoked, drank or swore. Some Chaplain, eh? 
(Note by the Chaplain.- — In all justice to truth the Chap- 
lain must say of the above account what Mark Twain said 
of the account of his death, "it is slightly exaggerated.") 

Captain Walter F. Vander Hyden, a full-fledged graduate 
of West Point, joined the Train in Souilly and was ap- 
pointed Adjutant a few days after his arrival. We called 
him the "Sphinx" because he never said very much, but this 
is the worst we can say about him because he was an excel- 
lent officer. He had all the appearance of a soldier and his 
military training manifested itself in numerous ways. He 
looked after the boys and saw that they always had their 
share of everything. When he was ordered to the States 
we lost one of the best Adjutants ever in the Train and the 
office force lost an officer who upheld them at all times in 
the course of their duties. As he is a member of the Regular 
Army we hope to read about him in the distant future. 

Most of the men who were in the Detachment in Septem- 



Train Headquarters 155 

bcr, 1917, are no longer with us now, but their names still 
appear on the Train roster as they have been transferred 
to the various companies. 

There are many pleasant recollections of the days spent 
in V Block and many amusing incidents, all of which it is 
impossible to remember. Nearly all the old timers will re- 
member Joe Goodman, who was a stenographer at head- 
quarters. He had the unique distinction of coming into the 
army against his will and going out the same way, paradoxi- 
cal as the statement may appear. Joe suffered from ear 
trouble and the Surgeon thought he was not able to hear 
the shells whizz by in case he went over to France, and as 
a consequence discharged him. This was on a Friday and 
Joe made a date for the following Saturday with some fair 
ones in Laurel, and decided to stay over, but the Officer of 
the Day found it out and woke Joe out of his sleep at 11 
p. M. and marched him out of camp under guard. Joe will 
surely never forget his induction and deduction from the 
army. 

Another great character was our first Top Sergeant, Jim 
Buckley, in name only, as there were no non-coms at that 
time. He had the boys snapping out of it for a few days, 
but he suddenly decided to go overseas and arranged for a 
transfer with an Engineering Unit. George Mason, an ex- 
clown in a circus, kept us amused too by his spells, which 
he took now and then. He would twist himself into all kinds 
of shapes and perhaps fall down a few hundred yards from 
the barracks, when we would dispatch Loyd after him. The 
mention of Wilson Loyd's name brings to mind one of the 
best-hearted boys in the detachment ; he was a crude sort of 
a fellow and rough in his ways, probably acquired from his 
service in the Philippines with the Marines. His great reci- 
tation, "The Green Velvet Band," always made a big hit and 



156 History of the SOJ^th Ammunition Train 

his favorite expression, "I'll be walking along the streets of 
Chester when you're pushing up daisies in France," never 
came true, because the poor chap took ill with pneumonia 
and passed away in a Base Hospital in France sometime 
during October, 1918. His death was regretted by every- 
one, because there was only one Loyd, 

Domenick Caccia was with us a few days when he was 
sent to the Base Hospital at Meade, where he died after a 
brief illness. He was not amongst us long enough to get 
acquainted, but his death brought home to us what France 
might mean, but fortunately the horrors of the battlefield 
did no mean the loss of any more of our comrades. The 
names of Jos. Jeffries, Sleby, Udovich, Mininger, Cronin, 
Ziegler, Whitman, Martin, Stark, Tyson, Swarr, Pizagno, 
Wray, are but memories now as they were all transferred at 
various times into other units. Many of the boys joined 
the Battalion Headquarters when these were formed in 
March and we still run across such fellows as "Me Can Do" 
Algerman, Bressler, Burgert, Hufnell, and Dave Carr, who 
had the softest job in the army. Unique Jimmy Cavanaugh, 
Patsy Cocco, Crawford, McSherry, Mehrer, Miller, Nugent, 
Prendergast, Schlabach, Schmidt, Cook, Coughlin and 
Walsh. 

The Canteen Sergeant, George Hayes, had a sensational 
career in the army and finally wound up with the D. C. I. 
in Paris, where he could be seen with his walking stick, white 
flower and real civees strutting along the boulevards, even 
though he was still in the army. 

"Shorty" Townsend became the Chaplain's private secre- 
tary and wound up in the University of Grenoble. Poor 
Pate, who was Colonel Prosser's orderly and the first mem- 
ber of the detachment, switched around to different com- 
panies and while on his way to Nice in February took ill 



Traill Headquarters 157 

suddenly and died in Paris. Bill Anderson stayed with us 
and held the job of Top Kick until February, when he took 
advantage of the discharge order and wandered back to his 
wife and family. In fact, the three Corporals, Anderson, 
Smith and Remmel, must have entered into a conspiracy, 
for Smith and Remmel followed Bill and went to the U. S. 
via St. Aignan. Smith acted as Regimental Mail Orderly 
and always brought great joys to the boys with his stacks 
of letters. Remmel was the chief sign painter of the regi- 
ment and also acted as a Clerk in Headquarters. 

An amusing incident happened in Camp Meade when 
Remmel asked Colonel McKenney why his request for trans- 
fer was disapproved. He was told that it was none of his 
damn business, so we all learned the moral of not thinking 
or talking while in the army. 

Walter Watts, or Martha's husband, as we called him 
after he took unto himself a wife, was always a well known 
member of the detachment. Walter was not much of a sol- 
dier, but a mighty fine carpenter, and he always saw that 
the headquarters were free from rain and well supplied with 
tables. Cavalucci and Underkofler were pals for some time ; 
they both had the job of Orderly and held it throughout 
their service. In France it was a difficult job to find them 
and we almost forgot they were in the detachment until pay 
day came around. Raymond was a quaint character; he 
always did things his own way and was content to be left 
alone. He knew the Morse Code pretty well and was able 
to read the blinker lights very accurately. 

Wolf and Haley. We could never use one name without 
the other. They were always together and became fast 
friends. In Meade they were the chief motorcycle couriers 
and could be found any hour of the day or night, in Winter 
or Summer, ready to furnish a side car. The first few weeks 



158 History of the SOJfth Ammunition Train 

in France we had no transportation and the Twins took it 
easy, but later our equipment came along and both of them 
stuck to their machines until it was time to turn them in 
finally. They were wagoners for a long time, but at the 
first opportunity both were made Corporals and the first 
day they strolled along the company streets the boys 
snapped out of it. Mike became very ambitious when the 
Division received sailing orders and applied for admission 
to a Motor School, and we all hope to take our cars to him 
for repairs and maintenance when he sets up in the States. 

George E. Burrier was only with us for about three weeks ; 
he boarded the Haverford at Philadelphia and we took him 
as far as Halifax, where he was transferred to the U. S. 
Army Hospital from the transport. The last we heard of 
George he got lost in Boston on his way to Hoboken and 
hasn't been able to find the army since. There was only one 
Sergeant Chandler in the Detachment. John never studied 
army regulations with great fervor, but when it came to 
fixing pipes, building shelves, driving automobiles, putting 
up stoves and doing other little things for the convenience 
of the boys he could not be excelled. No matter how deso- 
lated the billet or stable might have been when the Detach- 
ment entered it. Chandler had the place as comfortable and 
as cozy as any home in France within a few hours. Mili- 
tarily speaking, John was an Agent, according to the Tables 
of Organization, and was a member of the Intelligence Sec- 
tion, so if you ever want to learn anything about the war 
which was not published, see Chandler. 

"Frankie Courtney" was also one of us for a while. Talk 
about never being satisfied. Frankie was a member of the 
Quartermaster Corps and assigned to duty near Syracuse, 
New York. He went to work at nine and quit at five and 
slept in a fine bed, yet he wanted to come to France, and he 



Traill Headquarters 159 

did. After lie slept on inud, in stables, barns, fields, and 
waded around in the slush of Verdun, he wished he had never 
come across. Frank took sick in Jardin de Fontaine and 
after he was evacuated we lost track of him. 

Wagoner Jay L. Combs was a studious, retiring char- 
acter who sjDent his spare time in reading big volumes on 
magnetos, deferentials, etc. He worked in the Supply Office 
a while, and then went to the Ordnance Detachment, so he 
could monkey with machinery. Later he volunteered to go 
to a Motor School and followed Mike Haley to Decize, 
where they spent their last three months in France. 

We'll never forget Maurice DePauw, the interpreter. 
Maurice was a wanderlust who had travelled around the 
world and could speak several languages. He joined the 
detachment at Le Havre from Company E. He came in 
handy in our early days in France, for none of us knew a 
word of the lingo, and Maurice saw that our wants were 
fulfilled. He suffered a great deal with his feet and was 
sent to a Hospital, where he stayed until May, 1919, when 
he was discharged in France. 

Bud Fisher, Chevy Chase, Maryland! Bud was a good 
boy; for a short time he drove a machine and also acted as 
Orderly. No matter what was asked of him. Bud was ready 
to do the work. He took sick in Souilly and was sent to 
Chaumont and thence to Toul. The last we heard of him 
he was on Red Cross Train 55, going to Bordeaux, for 
return to the States. 

Regimental Sergeant Major Gallagher was one of the 
oldest members of the Detachment ; he was always on the 
job at Headquarters, day and night, and with the aid of the 
other boys in Headquarters saw that the paper work of 
the Train was kept up to snuff. All the privates of the 
regiments came to him seeking advice which was always 



160 History of the SO^th Ammunition Train 

cheerfully given. John was everyone's friend — we all know 
that. Upon arising in the morning he was wont to sing 
such sweet (?) ditties as "Why did we leave that fair spot.'"' 
and as a leading citizen of Norristown, a village that has 
been attached to Philadelphia for rations for the past fifty 
years, he just naturally had to tell us about the virtues of 
that place. All in all he was an authority on most things 
and this is natural when it is considered that he is an em- 
bryo lawyer who should be a shining light in the years to 
come. 

Those big fellows, "Bill" Hooper and "Wes" Hughes, 
were big in heart as well as body. Hooper attached him- 
self to a Supply Office job after we reached France, and 
Hughes was a sort of successor to Watts, the man-of-all- 
trades. They were both useful members of the outfit. 
"Morrie" Leapson came in early in February, 1919, for the 
express purpose of assisting O'Reilly and Stilz in Personnel 
Work. It wasn't long before he had mastered all the in- 
tricacies of that work and was as well acquainted with a 
Change of Status Report and 1-B allotment, as he was 
with horses in the old Camp Meade days. Aaron B. Mac- 
hamer came with us on New Year's day, 1919, a clean jump 
from Co. C, where he had been a cook. After our original 
corporals decided to get discharged and return to their 
respective homes, Machamer was one of those selected to fill 
a vacancy. He was a Supply Officer representative and 
did Captain Dave's typewriting. 

"Gene" Meadows is famous for writing the first letter to 
G. H. Q. for a discharge — and getting away with it. His 
letter put everyone in G. H. Q. in burning tears and they 
returned a regular Honest-to-God discharge and Gene was 
the first to leave. He was a salvage expert and always had 
an armful of "junk." "Butch" McDevitt, named for the 



Train Headquarters 161 

famous "Millionaire-for-a-Day" from Wilkes-Barre, Pa., 
spent nearly his whole army career as a cook, at which he 
was very adept. "Butch" never had many leaves, either in 
the States or over here, but that one which he did take con- 
sumed no less than thirty-five days and then when he got 
back mth the outfit he was discharged — thus his army ca- 
reer ended in a blaze of glory, so to speak. "Joe" McDer- 
mott — we wonder if he remembers those days at Camp 
Meade when Colonel McKenney used to have him snapping 
out of it all the time. Then, at Romsey, England, when Joe 
dropped the typewriter and heard from the same Colonel as 
only the Colonel could say it. All in all, Joe had a pretty 
rough time of it in this war, what with all the driving of 
Dodges, Cadillacs, etc ! C'est le guerre ! 

This brings us to the original and only Jim O'Reilly, Per- 
sonnel Sergeant Major Extraoi'dinary and Expert on 
Things Insurance and Allotments ! We sometimes think Jim 
missed his calling because we doubt if the soldiers appreciate 
comedy that would cost them real money if they were paying 
for it in God's Country. Don't get the idea that Jim just 
"fools," because he put out "beaucoup" work and does it 
well, but, at odd times, he gets off stuff that would make an 
image laugh. He is absolutely nonchalant and has the ideal 
disposition for a successful soldier. As a well known mem- 
ber of the famous "White Back Social" he had made a big- 
reputation. Clair E. Owen — we had nearly forgotten him ! 
He was a quiet, retiring fellow and never made any fuss 
about anything. Whilst we were living in pup tents in St. 
I^eomer, last August, there was some excitement in Clair's 
tent one evening and we found that he was being evacuated 
to a hospital at Limoges for appendicitis. We haven't 
heard from him since that time. 

"Alfie" Poysden, cook! At Souilly he had the pleasure of 



162 History of the 304-^1 Ammunition Train 

feeding that small but honorable group of men known as 
"The Gobler Sergeants" and much amusement was very 
often given to those same Sergeants by Alfie's care in meas- 
uring out the "garbage." At that, they got along very 
well. He came to the Detachment March 1, 1919, from 
Motor Headquarters, taking the place vacated by McDev- 
itt's discharge and return to the states. 

Cecil Robinson joined us just before we left the States. 
Originally he had been a sort of First Sergeant in Co. B, 
and while he was in our outfit he was a driver of cars, an 
orderly, betimes, and generally useful for any details. He 
was taken sick at Souilly with the same ailment that sent 
Owen to the hospital and he never rejoined the organiza- 
tion. 

Now, gentle readers, we come to Louis H. Seipp, Ser- 
geant. Corpulent Louie ! He was a member of Galloping F 
when he first came into the train and Louie galloped along 
with the other members of the company until along about 
January, 1918, when Gallagher "salvaged" Louie for Head- 
quarters. His worth soon became generally known and 
Louie hopped up the ladder and became a Sergeant, a note- 
worthy performance. He handles a typewriter as well as 
he does a Monotype and anyone desiring to become better 
acquainted with this last named machine had better get in 
touch with Louie "tout de suite." He loves good living and 
satisfies that weakness whenever he can. He has always 
been a first assistant to Gallagher and these two soldiers 
were inseparable. Louie has his Matilda, just as Gallagher 
has his Mary, and who is there who can say otherwise.'' 

There are many men who would give their life almost for 
the sake of wearing bars on the shoulders, but we have a 
man who turned a commission down before most of us be- 
came soldiers. This was our good old friend Aubrey C. 



Train Headquarters 163 

Sharp, the Regimental Supply Sergeant. He was in the 
army fifteen years before the world became unfit to live in, 
and he volunteered to come to Meade to tell us what he knew 
about the game. He was an excellent drill sergeant and 
also an expert on Ordnance property. "Pop" stood the 
rigors of the war very well and was none the worse after his 
experience, even though he was past forty. His wild rides 
to Bar le due from Souilly with "Daredevil" Haley will 
always be remembered. 

Freddie Shoenberger was Captain Gibson's right hand 
man and was on the job at all times. He was the authority 
on Quartermaster property and was kept prett}^ busy draw- 
ing slickers and safety razors for the men, because they 
had a great weakness for losing these articles. His morale 
was a bit low before he made the trip to Paris, but when he 
returned from the Big Town he worked twenty-six hours a 
day without a word. Freddie was recommended for a com- 
mission in the Q. M., but somehow or other the men who do 
the work couldn't get the promotions in this army. We wish 
him more luck the next time. 

Last but not least is Bill Stilz, the flag man. Sergeant 
Stilz joined us in July, 1918, but we had an eye on him for 
a long time before then when he was on special duty at head- 
quarters. When Bill went on guard, his leggins Avere so 
immaculate that he was always made Orderly, and while on 
this duty we had him pound the typewriter, which he did so 
well that he became a permanent member of the Typewriting 
Brigade. He could knock off pay rolls with his eyes shut 
and was Chief Counsel of the Insurance Department. He 
had the courage to get married before going overseas and 
was awarded with a "baby girl" while he was in Souillv. 
Bill has the distinction of having a war baby. 

This concludes the few anecdotes concerning the boys. It 



164 History of the SOJfth Ammunition Train 

is hoped that the mere mention of a name will bring up 
memories in the minds of the readers which will recall hours 
of pleasure in the days gone by at Meade, on the Haverford, 
at Liverpool, Romsey, Southhampton, Le Havre, St. Leo- 
mer, La Courtine, Dugny, Verdun, Ecurey, SouiUy, Andelot 
and Nantes. It is hoped that the acquaintanceship engen- 
dered will not be empheral but will endure, so when an op- 
portunity affords do not hesitate to get in touch with any 
of the boys. The American legion movement being inau- 
gurated is a method of bringing us together, so join up, and 
we can be as friendly in the future as we have been in the 
past. 



HEADQUARTERS DETACHMENT. MOTOR BAT- 
TALION 

THE Detachment did not exist before March, 1918, and 
those of us who had been in Camp Meade since the previ- 
ous September already looked upon ourselves as veterans. On 
paper we were to have thirty men, but we went along with 
less than tMs number until the first of July, just before we 
sailed, when we were filled to strength by the inclusion of 
men from nearly every part of the United States, whereas 
the older members had been from Philadelphia and other 
points in Pennsylvania. 

Elsewhere in these pages will be told our activities be- 
cause the Train's work was ours in a smaller way. Major 
Edwin M. Van Voorhees, who commanded the Battalion in 
the States, took over the conmiand of the entire Train in 
September, and Captain Camer commanded the Battalion. 
In November, after joining the detached companies. Major 
G. M. Cannon took active command and there has been no 
change since that time. 

Just after landing in France Captain Robert K. Gustaf- 
son was appointed Battalion Adjutant and in October he 
was relieved by Captain John B. Thayer. A little later 
Captain Robert S. Prosser took over the duties of that place, 
and since he was transferred, before Christmas, 1919, Ist 
Lieut. Harry C. Bates and 1st Lieut. John F. Choate have 
served. 

Looking over the enlisted personnel of the outfit there 
are some remarkable characters, although this is probably 
true of any army organization. Nor can it be said that the 

165 



166 History of the SO^th Ammunition Train 

Detachment lacks men of more than a single accomplish- 
ment. There is Private Mull, for instance, who is a com- 
petent man of all trades, from building boxes for shipping 
to running messages in a very fluent manner. One thing 
that has impressed the writer has been the marked degree 
of efficiency attained by its runners, so marked that other 
organizations have been wont to envy it. But that is not 
all, even if Privates Hallman and Rohde are in that class, 
besides the aforementioned Mull. 

Regimental Supply Sergeant Crawford knows more about 
rations and their distribution than the purchasing agent of 
a chain store organization, and Sergeant Mehrer is a close 
second to him when it comes to Quartermaster supplies of 
any sort. Supply Sergeant Bressler has transferred his 
allegiance in the army from the cavalry and Coast Artillery 
to the Ammunition Train and sees that the members of the 
Detachment do not want for anything in the line of cloth- 
ing and equipment. A very capable storekeeper, we should 
say, if that is not passing over his qualities too lightly. 

Sergeant Major Cook, with his morning books, his re- 
ports, his trucks and other details, generally "carried on," 
sometimes one way and sometimes another. Be it said, 
however, that he never had a leave, although a three weeks' 
vacation in Bordeaux and a subsequent "business" trip of a 
similar length of time "inspecting the battlefields and the 
S. O. S." could be construed as leaves. Corporal Miller 
must be mentioned at this time, since, in his daily duties, he 
acted as an assistant to Cook. Miller, a product of Atglen, 
a peaceful place "somewhere in Pennsylvania," was, we be- 
lieve, "checked" more than any man in the Detachment. 
Suffice it to say that he enjoj^ed his life in the army and 
often regretted that the war had not started sooner so that 
he could have had the advantage of a longer term. 



Headquarters Motor Battalion 167 

Sergeant McSherry is famous for being our first and only 
original truck master, one of those who just lived for trucks, 
which were his personal responsibility. He was the initial 
editor of The Bombshell and from that source also drew 
beaucoup glory. A thinker, a man of deeds, so much so 
that in March, 1919, he entered Beaune University to study 
the arts, civic government, etc., and we heard later that he 
was studying agriculture at another institution of learning. 

Corporal Stark was the "non-sufficient" officer who liad 
charge of the details in the Detachment — he was the go- 
between between the Sergeant Major and the men. His 
was a hard life ! Received no foreign decorations for gal- 
lantry or anything of that sort, but was, nevertheless, de- 
serving of most anything. Haines, Hume, SchoU and Smith, 
the four wagoners, never had much practice driving any- 
thing, but they were good ! It is a funny thing but lots of 
men in the army are called by one grade when their work 
is directly opposite, and these four men followed this rule. 
Hume became a wonder at dispensing gasoline from his 
station, and Scholl took pretty good care of iiis correspond- 
ence with "Pansy." Cook DiAngelico was a cook before he 
received the actual appointment ; his worth as such must be 
determined by others because the writer was unfortunate in 
never having had an opportunity to taste his luscious prep- 
arations. We have no doubt but that he was good, however. 

Tom Coughlan, the old man himself ! Somehow or other, 
in the most out-of-the-wa}' places, Tom managed to keep 
himself well "polished," in addition to keeping records of 
the "garbage" for the Train. His previous experience with 
Wilson & Co. stood him in good stead on this job, I'll say. 
Hufnell, starting with the canteen back in Camp Meade, 
wound up with the same kind of work, between shifts also 
lending a hand on supply work. Anotlier good storekeeper! 



168 History of the 304th Ammunition Train 

Lepore was one man who reached France with one name 
and went home with another. When Sam entered the army 
he mispronounced his true name and the officer swearing 
him in, on general principles, announced him as Sam Lepon, 
and as Sam is one of those fellows who couldn't be bothered 
entering into a debate on such a small affair as a mere name, 
let it go at that. A little later, however, he wanted his own 
name back and then the paper work war started which waxed 
heatedly until after we had reached France when advices 
were received that Sam should resume his original name, 
and on the trip home he was called "Samuel Lepore." 
Rather interesting, what.^^ 

Nottingham, from Syracuse, N. Y,, had experience in the 
canteen at La Courtine and towards the end of his army 
career was the manager of the Recreation Hall, those build- 
ings erected for the entertainment of the young soldiers. 
Townsend was affectionately known as "The Rabbit," and 
his duties were to act as assistant to the Chaplain. He 
liked us, we think, but in March, 1919, he decided to better 
himself, mentally, and took himself to Grenoble University 
to further that desire. Since which time he has been with 
us not. Ulrich and Wolf are the other first-class privates, 
the former of whom was a sort of runner between our Bat- 
talion Supply Office and the Division M. T. O., and Wolf 
a man of all trades and used as such. Bilodeau and Wagner 
were capable men and were thrown into all sorts of breaches 
and filled them acceptably. Harry Crawford was a Supply 
Office assistant to his brother and between times was called 
upon to do other work. As a pipe smoker he goes well — it 
was worth while to walk into a barracks in Camp Meade 
after the lights were out and have Harry's burning pipe as 
a guide to your bunk ; the writer, generally working late, 
used this means time and again to reach his "couch." 



Headquarters Motor Battalion 169 

Other men who came over with us but whom we have lost 
since that time include : Sergeant George S. Hayes, trans- 
ferred to Co. C as a private and later transferred from that 
organization ; Corporal Cavanaugh, transferred to Co. B ; 
Wagoner G. F. Helmcamp, evacuated to a hospital, as was 
Wagoner Koeberle ; Pvt. Leonard J. Weireter, transferred 
out of the organization ; Pvt. Gilbert Herkness, who received 
the same treatment ; Pvt. Gordon B. Moore, transferred to 
Co. A, and Pvt. James D. Coleman, evacuated to a hospital. 

Thus was the outfit started and finished. Histories may 
never mention us, but that is a small thing because the Train 
itself scarce receives mention from historians who have al- 
ready started to write, which shows that historians should 
get their data complete before starting to write. Not a 
man was decorated, but their future lies in the United States 
and we know not what we might see from their labors in 
years to come. As Horace Greely once remarked to his 
friend Charley Chaplin, "It's a great life, Charles, if you 
don't weaken." 



SANITARY DETACHMENT 

IN the contingent of nine men, namely, Privates Otis Neal, 
Henry V. Rector, Cecil N. Robinson, Robert A. Royce, 
Chas. Sumner Scott, Joseph W. Soderlund, Harold W. 
Stanton, Herbert L. Stearns, and Bernard Stafford, which 
came to Camp Meade in September, 1917, was the nucleus 
of the Medical Department. 

Soon after their arrival, they were assigned to the vari- 
ous companies of the 304th Ammunition Train as acting 
duty sergeants. Neal went to Co. A, Scott and Robinson 
to Co.~ B, Sleeper to C, Soderlund to D, Royce to E, Stan- 
ton and Stafford to F, and Stearns and Rector to G. They 
continued in that capacity until November 3rd, when the 
regimental infirmary under Lt. Joseph N. Anderson, with 
Charles Sumner Scott as Acting Sergeant, was made a 
reality. 

Arthur Corgee of Co. D had been acting dental assistant, 
so was transferred to the detachment. Rector then left 
Co. G to aid Scott in V-2 building. At that place only one 
room in the extreme end was used by the Medics, the re- 
mainder being Officers' quarters. 

Early in December, 1917, with the aid of all the Medical 
men in the Train, the Infirmary was moved to building 
W-107. 

The final commander, Major Wm. K. White, came to the 
Train as a captain on March 19, 1918, from Base Hospital 
No. 42, Camp Meade, Md. A few days later Lt. Anderson 
was transferred to the 310th Machine Gun Battalion. 
About this time, Lt. James W. Vernon was added to the 

170 




SANITARY DETACH^[ENT 




COMPANY n.. LT. L. C. LEVERING, COMMANDING, IN CENTER 



Sanitary Detachment 171 

detachment, coming from the 316th Ambulance Co., 304th 
Sanitary Train. 

During the remaining days of March, Pvt. Royce became 
a Sergeant, and Sgt. David H. Carr, Ernest K. Ritter, Pvt. 
Joseph Kelly, and Pvt. Jack Spaulding joined the outfit as 
privates. 

In April Pvt. Wm. Douglas received his discharge on the 
basis of pli^'sical disability. Shortly afterwards Carr was 
promoted to Sergeant. About this time Sgt. Royce was 
transferred to the Walter Reed General Hospital at Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

At W-107, they were somewhat hindered by the lack of 
room, but this was remedied in May, when the Infirmary was 
moved to W-142. A few days after moving, Scott received 
his warrant as Sergeant, and in the meantime Pvt. Harold 
B. Grouse of Galloping F, Pvt. Brandt Earhart of Co. E, 
and Archie Ball of Co. C, came by transfer. On May 26th 
Rector was made a Sergeant. 

Early in June Lt. J, W. Vernon was commissioned a 
captain, and 1st Lt. O. P. Henry came from Camp Green- 
leaf, Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. 

On July 3rd Pvt. Wm. V. Sleeper was raised to sergeant. 

The time was close at hand when the 79th Division would 
leave for France, and so on July 8th the detachment started 
to grow. Privates Edward B, Harvey, Thomas H. Verell, 
Elwood K. Middleton and Frank M. Johnson coming from 
the Training Bn. at the A. & M. College, Starkwell, Miss. 
Close on their heels followed Privates Joseph A. Autry, 
Robert E. Boyd, Ireal O. Barton, Reason H. Bell, Luther 
H. Conoly, Benjamin E. Crockett, Theodore M. Deaton, 
William J. Gibbs, Oscar F. Holland, William Hardman, 
Amos D. Lipham and Blenn M. Scott from the Training 
Bn., University of Georgia, at Athens, Ga. On July 9th 



172 History of the 304th Ammunition Train 

Pvt. James L. Handy of the Medical Detachment 315th 
Infantry joined the detachment. 

How well ail remember that Saturday night, July 13th, 
the last night in Camp Meade. Words would be useless to 
describe the frivolity and pranks of the men. At the "Y," 
in the barracks, in the Company streets and almost every- 
where in the area, stunts of an unusual character were 
"pulled off." 

Tlien, as they rubbed their eyes at first call at 3:30 a. m. 
Sunday, July 14th, they were urged b} the "top kicker" to 
get busy. After policing up the Infirmary and loading the 
equipment, they fell in at the rear of the column, and at 
7:00 A. M. climbed aboard the Chemm de Fer, en route 
for Philadelphia. They reached Pier 58, South Philadel- 
phia, at 1 :10 p. M., and at 5 p. m. went up the gangplank 
of the British transport Haverford. Although a drizzling 
rain had set in about seven o'clock, when they started down 
the bay, the spirits of the men were not a bit dampened. 
As passing tugs screeched their "Bon Voyage" to them, the 
men gave vent to their feelings in cheers. 

As darkness settled, one b}^ one or perhaps in groups, the 
men went below to find their sleeping quarters. Unfortu- 
nately, hammock spaces did not correspond in number to 
the digits on their sleeping berth tickets, for in many cases 
such numbered places were a myth. After the first night, 
however, matters were adjusted and the "Medics" went be- 
low to bunk in the quarters with Co. G in the fore part of 
the boat. To those who were not acrobats enough to stay 
in a hammock, the soft side of a board proved a good rest- 
ing place, when "they" would let you sleep. Night after 
night, they would be awakened by whistle signals to fall out 
and assemble at the designated stations on the top deck. 
The calls had the varied names of fire drill, submarine drill. 



Sanitary Detachment 173 

and abandon ship drill, but in spite of all these virtues, they 
amounted to the same thing, a midnight intennission. 

On the first day out, life belts were issued to the men and 
they were told to wear them at all times. About their waists 
they were always to carry their ponderous Medical belts, 
having the canteen ever filled with "de I'eau" and a pocket 
overflowing with hard tack. What more could a man desire ? 

Just after a fine breakfast of sausages on the morning of 
July 18th, land was sighted. It turned out to be the coast 
of Nova Scotia, and at 8:30 a. m. the Haverford dropped 
anchor in Halifax Harbor. Gathered about in the harbor 
were a few transports waiting to make up the convoy. At 
this place Pvts. Ball, Crockett and Johnson were transferred 
by tug to the U. S. Army Canadian Hospital at Halifax, 

At 8 :30 on the morning of July 20th, they started on 
the second part of the long trip. The convoy consisted of 
twenty-three transports under the escort of a British cruiser. 

To Capt. White, his little detachment were pretty good 
Medical men, but to Major Little as Medical men they were 
extra good garbage carriers. As a word of explanation, it 
might be added that every night after the other "soldats" 
had "gone to roost," this gallant organization would strut 
forth in blue denims and empty overboard the contents of 
all the garbage barrels that had accumulated in all parts of 
the ship during the day. 

On July 22nd, at 1 a. m., the bursting of a steam pipe 
just above the hatchwaj'^ over the Medical Detachment 
caused quite a bit of excitement. As the steam rolled down 
into their quarters with a hissing sound, there was a very 
lively time. 

The story of this voyage with the landing in Liverpool, 
the trip to France, and the train ride to St. Leomer, is de- 
scribed in other chapters (Chapters 4, 5, and 6, Part I). 



174 History of the SO^^th Ammunition Train 

On Aug. 15tli Capt. Vernon, Sgt. Sleeper, Pvt 1st cl. 
Soderlund, Pvt. Earhart, Hardman, Ritter, and Scott left 
St. Leomer with Co. G on detached service to join Co.'s A 
and B at Prauthoy, Haute Marne. 

On the first of September the detachment went with the 
154th Field Artillery Brigade, of which the Ammunition 
Train was a part, to La Courtine, Department of Creuse. 
At this camp they received an overabundance of instruction 
in the graceful art of applying a gas mask to the visage 
"by the numbers." 

They left with the Ammunition Train for the front in 
the latter part of October. The arrival at Dugny, near 
Verdun, was late at night, the remainder of which was spent 
in the ruins of an old church. At noon the next day they 
started on a ten-mile hike to Baleicourt and reached that 
place in the late afternoon. 

Two days later the Detachment was split up and they 
were sent out in groups with the various companies when 
they started the last lap of the journey to the front. Deaton, 
Harvey and Handy went with Co. C; Autry, Verell and 
Rector with Co. D; Stanton and Lipham with Co. E; and 
Spaulding, Kelly, Middleton, and Stearns with Co. F. 
Those who had been with Co.'s A, B, and G on Detached 
service as well as the 1st Sgt. with Pvt. Bell and Conoly 
remained back in Thierville, just outside of Verdun, with 
Capt. White and Lt. ShoAvalter. Crouse and Barton came 
up to Co. C a day later. The hike from Baleicourt started 
at 5 :00 p. m. It was then very dark and it was tedious 
work to wend their way along the traffic crowded roads. By 
early morning they had finished their journey and were not 
in the spirits to go much farther then. 

The companies located themselves in the vicinity of 
Samogneux and Death Valley. Capt. Vernon was sent to 



Sanitary Detachment 176 

Co. D and Co. G up Death Valley. Lt. Henry was with 
Co.'s C, E, and F above Samogneux. 

When November 11th brought about the cessation of 
hostilities, happiness reigned supreme. Even if joy was not 
outwardly portrayed, it was present nevertheless. The men 
were all aware of what a prolongation of the war might 
have meant for them. 

On November 16th Pvts. Warren T. Beatty, Raymond 
Plants, Louis Schneider, George R. Cosgray, and Roy S. 
Crowe were transferred to the detachment from Replace- 
ment Unit No. '55. Four days later Autry, Conoly, Crouse 
and Handy were made 1st Class Privates. 

The camp duties from November 11th to 20th consisted 
of burying the dead, repairing the roads, and policing up 
the vicinity of Death Valley. 

A bad hike was in store for them on December 21st, wlien 
the Train moved by hobnail express to Ecurey. About this 
time Pvt. Roy H. Maust came to the detachment from the 
316th Ambulance Co., 304th San. Train. 

The stay at Ecurey was short, for on Dec. 27th with 
field packs the men hiked under severe weather conditions 
to Belleville, near Verdun, a distance of 35 kilometers (22 
miles). The next day the hike was continued 20 kilometers 
(13 miles) to Souilly. Shortly afterwards Pvt. Earhart 
was promoted to Sergeant. 

During the first week of January, the 79th Divisional 
Center of Instruction was started at Montliairon, and Lt. 
Henry, with Sgt. Earhart and Pvts. 1st cl. Crouse and 
Handy, were sent there on special Medical duty. 

Lt. Showalter, with his assistant, Pvt. Bell, had well 
taken care of the Dental work of the Detachment from the 
time they came overseas. He was aided for a brief time by 
Lt. Leo Remes, who was transferred from the 310th F. A. 



17G History of the SO^-th Ammunition Train 

and a few weeks later was transferred to one of the infantry 
regiments. In January the dental work was augmented by 
the arrival of Lt. Leon J, Deger and Pvt. Chas. J. Motto, 
who were transferred from the 331st Infantry Regiment, 
83rd Division. 

About this time the Medical personnel was enlarged by 
the arrival of Lt. Edward G, Weadock. 

In Febiniary Pvt, Barton and Pvt. 1st cl. Spaulding re- 
ceived their discharge from the army and returned to the 
States. 

On Feb. 27th Capt. Vernon was commissioned a major 
and on March 1st was transferred to the 315th Infantry, 
but a few days later received his discharge and returned 
home. 

Lt. Deger on the 7th of the month was raised to the rank 
of Captain. 

During the first week in April the Medics with the Ammu- 
nition Train moved by trucks from Souilly to Andelot, 
Haute Marne. The stay tjiere was not long, for on April 
21st they moved by train to Nantes, near St. Nazaire, to 
which they soon proceeded and boarded the transport for 
home. 

On May 2nd Capt. White was commissioned a Major, 
and on the same date Pvts, Holland and Ritter were pro- 
moted to 1st class Privates. 

The Medical Detachment is now disorganized and all of 
us have made our way towards our homes and loved ones. 
During the many months that we have been together, we 
have made numerous friends and have shared those little 
incidents which are now but a memory. As we part may 
we appreciate the words of Lord Byron, who says : 



Sanitary Detachment 177 

Oh, friends regretted, scenes forever dear, 
Remembrance hails you with her warmest tear. 
Drooping, she bends o'er Fancy's urn 
To trace the hours which never can return. 

J. L. H. 



HEADQUARTERS DETACHMENT HORSED 
BATTALION 

THE mere handful of men, 21 in number, comprising the 
Headquarters Detachment of the Horsed Battalion, 
304th Ammunition Train, was a scrappy, hustling bunch, 
full of pep, from the time of its organization at Camp Meade, 
Md., on May 15th, 1918, until disbanded at Camp Dix, N. J., 
on June 9th, 1919. 

This detachment, an organization within the regiment 
having commanding officer, junior officers, full complement 
of non-commissioned officers, cook, etc., was organized by 
Major John T, Little, commanding officer of the Horsed 
Battalion, for the purpose of attending to the various duties 
connected with a battalion headquarters. As such a de- 
tachment this body of men served admirably both at Camp 
Meade, Md., and in the dugouts and mud of Samogneux, 
France. 

Camp Meade, Md. — because it was there under the in- 
struction of Major Little that every man became a horse- 
man, and under the thorough drilling of an efficient drill 
master. Captain Walter E. Caten, that every man became 
skilled with the rifle, the manual of arms, and drills. 

Samogneux, France — because it was there that the De- 
tachment was separated from the Regimental Headquarters 
and set up ^ battalion headquarters under shell fire, where 
the business of the Horsed Battalion was transacted with- 
out a hitch, but under the most trying conditions — rain, 
mud, barbed wire, shell holes, shell fire, rats, cooties and 
what not. In these surroundings every man of the detach- 

178 



Headquarters Horsed Battalion 179 

ment functioned, carrying messages and seeing that the 
Battalion was supplied with water, food and clothing at all 
times. 

The itinerary of the Detachment follows: Sailed from 
Philadelphia for France with full complement of 21 men 
aboard the Steamship Haverford, July 14th, 1918. Arrived 
in Liverpool, England, July 31st, and spent two days at 
Camp Knotty Ash. Broke camp at Knotty Ash, Aug. 2nd. 
Arrived at Camp Woolsley, Romsey, England, Aug. 2nd. 
On Aug. 4th hiked 13 miles from Romsey to Southampton, 
where the detachment boarded the Steamer St. George^ 
sailed across the English Channel under cover of darkness, 
and arrived at Le Havre, France, Aug. 5th. Spent two 
nights in Base Camp No. 1 at Le Havre, then boarded 
freight cars, arriving at Camp Cardonne, St. Leomer, Aug. 
8th. On Aug. 20th the detachment received its first pay 
and spent several nights in the puzzle of figuring dollars in 
terms of francs. 

On August 24th the Train suffered its first casualty when 
Ernest J. Parsons, of Benton, Pa., cook for the detach- 
ment, was drowned in a small lake near St. Leomer. Par- 
sons went swimming with several members of the detachment, 
got into deep water, and, unable to swim, perished before 
he could be reached by his comrades. He was buried in the 
little church yard on the hills at Montmorillon, France, on 
Aug. 25th. 

Sept. 4th broke camp at St. Leomer and arrived at Camp 
La Courtine, Creuse, France, Sept. 6th. Here the detach- 
ment was billeted in a French artillery camp. Oct. 15th 
Sgt. Ronald O'Neil was transferred to the Officers' Training 
School at Namur, France. Nov. 1st the detachment left 
La Courtine, arriving at Dugny Nov. 3rd. 

All members of the detachment attended church at Dugny 



180 History of the SOJfth Ammunition Train 

for the simple reason that they were quartered on the floors 
of a battered, shell-torn church. Some even occupied the 
graveyard on the outside and found it comfortable, using 
the headstones for pillows. Nov. 4th marched about nine 
miles to Baleicourt Woods, where the detachment was under 
fire from aeroplanes. Nov, 5th hiked to Samogneux, where 
the detachment joined the rest of the battalion and estab- 
lished battalion headquarters. The detachment remained here 
during the remaining days of the war. On Dec. 18th Major 
Little was transferred from the regiment. Dec. 21st hiked 
to Ecurey. Dec. 27th began two days' hike through rain 
and hail to Souilly, a distance of about thirty-five miles. Not 
a man of the detachment fell out on this strenuous hike, a 
fact which brought a complimentary letter from the Train's 
new commanding officer, Lt. Col. Burt. 

On Jan. 3rd Regtl. Sup. Sgt, Schmidt and Bugler Schla- 
bach were sent on detached service to the Divisional Center 
of Instruction. 

On Feb. 16th Sgts. Wilson and Ellis, with Pvt. Waller- 
man, were transferred to the 274th Military Police Co. 
Capt. Walter E. Caten was also transferred to the same 
organization. It was about this time that Major Green 
arrived as commanding officer of the Horsed Battalion. He 
remained only a short time, then was transferred to be as- 
sistant Provost Marshal at Paris. 

February 17th Corp. Focht fell and was injured. He 
was evacuated to the hospital and never returned to the de- 
tachment. On Feb. 2nd, Corp. Nugent and Pvt. Thomas 
were returned to the United States for discharge. 

March 15th Pvt. Clarence Pate contracted pneumonia 
while on leave at Nice, France, and was transferred to a hos- 
pital at Paris, where he died. 

March 31st the detachment moved from the Souilly area 




THE OFFICERS OF THE AMMUNITION TRAIN 




HEADQUARTERS DETACHMENT, HORSED BAl lALION 



Headquarters Horsed Battalion 181 

to Andelot. April 20th arrived in St. Nazaire area, near 
Nantes. May 14th boarded trains for St. Nazaire. May 
15th sailed on the steamer Shoshone for U. S., arriving at 
Philadelphia June 1st, going to Camp Dix, N. J. Dis- 
charged from Camp Dix June 9th. 



ORDNANCE DETACHMENT 

THE Ordnance Detachment of the 304th Ammunition 
Train was organized at Camp Meade, being made up of 
men selected from the entire division as having had pre- 
vious experience in the construction and repair of motor 
equipment. The duties of this detachment were principally 
the upkeep, repair and maintenance of all Ordnance in the 
regiment. The original outfit consisted of thirteen men 
and one officer. 

Upon arrival overseas the Ordnance Detachment accom- 
panied that part of the Train which was ordered to La 
Courtine, France, there to assist in supplying the 154th 
F. A. Brigade with ammunition on the artillery range. 

On or about Sept. 25th the detachment was ordered to 
the front to join A, B and G Companies, who were operat- 
ing in the Meuse-Argonne sector. There the detachment 
fulfilled its duties of repair and maintenance of motor equip- 
ment. Detraining at Dugny they experienced their first 
sight of real war, being greeted overhead by an air battle 
between the Boche and American flyers. 

They continued operations with A, B and G Companies 
until the balance of the Train arrived, when all Companies 
and units of the regiment were again consolidated. 

On the morning of November 10, 1918, at ten-thirty 
o'clock, Corporal Wm. P. Derrickson was accidentally 
killed on the banks of the Meuse River, he being the only 
member of the Ordnance Detachment to lose his life. 

The Ordnance Detachment was commanded by Capt. R. 
C. Bowlus, U. S. A., who was assigned to this duty about 

182 



Ordnance Detachment 183 

May 1st, 1918. Captain Bowlus continued in command 
until Jan. 1st, 1919, when he was temporarily relieved to 
assume the duties of Divisional Motor Inspector. He was 
relieved from this duty and returned to the Detachment 
April 30, 1919. Lieut. Sam. R. Nimmo was attached to 
command the Ordnance Detachment during this period. 

A detachment of twenty-five men from C and D Com- 
panies, commanded by Capt. Bowlus, was probably the first 
unit of the 79th Division under fire. This unit, having 
been ordered to Le Havre to acquire and deliver motor 
trucks assigned to the 154th F. A. Brigade, were returning, 
and on the night of August 13th, 1918, at Rouen, while 
driving into a British motor park for the night, were over- 
taken by a Boche air raid, which lasted over three hours 
and in which thirteen British soldiers lost their lives. All 
members of this unit, however, escaped injury. 



ROSTERS 

Note Concerning Rosters 

During its twenty-one months of existence, between three 
and four thousand men have been affiliated with the regiment. 
During the days of training at Camp Meade transfers into 
and out of the regiment were frequent. In preparing the his- 
tory it was first planned to include every officer and man 
who had ever been connected with the regiment. This 
proved impossible, however, because previous to embarking 
for France all former rosters were disposed of. The rosters 
as published therefore are prepared to include all who sailed 
with the organization or joined it after its arrival in France. 
The only exceptions to this are in the case of two or three 
officers, formerly of Train Headquarters or Motor Bat- 
talion Headquarters, who were vitally a part of the or- 
ganization, and had much to do with its training. 



184 



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